An immunogenetic approach to guide the need for booster shots and combat immune failure in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response

一种免疫遗传学方法，用于指导加强注射的需要并对抗 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗反应中的免疫失败

• 批准号: MR/W020629/1
• 负责人: Julian Knight
• 金额: $ 125.82万
• 依托单位: University of Oxford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FW020629%2F1
• 关键词: immunogenetic; approach; guide; need; booster

Vaccination has been highly successful in helping to control the current COVID-19 pandemic. However some individuals have less protection from vaccination as their immune system fails to generate a strong response to the vaccine. This occurs more commonly in older people, when you have other illnesses or a weakened immune system for other reasons. However our knowledge of why this happens is incomplete and we urgently need to gain this understanding to better target use of booster vaccinations to those who will most benefit. To address this, researchers at the University of Oxford, the Office for National Statistics, Public Health England, The Pirbright Institute and the University of Edinburgh are investigating whether inherited factors are involved in determining an individual's response, and studying the nature of our immune response to vaccination in poor responder individuals. This programme of work brings together geneticists, immunologists, virologists, epidemiologists, public health experts and clinical trialists in a collaborative team. The researchers will be inviting participants in the National COVID-19 Infection Survey to take part in the research as well as those who have had the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine in clinical trials. The genetic analysis will include looking at single letter differences in the DNA as well as the chemical modifications that can occur to the DNA sequence following infection or other environmental exposures. The immunological analysis will focus on our antibody response to the virus, ability to kill the virus and we will test if a booster vaccination helps these individual's response. The research design and delivery will involve patient and participant representatives, and findings will be communicated to lay audiences and the public. The results of the study will be used to inform vaccine policy and rollout.

疫苗接种在帮助控制当前的新冠肺炎大流行方面非常成功。然而，一些人对疫苗接种的保护较少，因为他们的免疫系统无法对疫苗产生强烈反应。这在老年人中更常见，当你有其他疾病或由于其他原因免疫系统减弱时。然而，我们对为什么会发生这种情况的了解是不完整的，我们迫切需要了解这一点，以便更好地将加强疫苗的使用对准那些受益最大的人。为了解决这一问题，牛津大学、英国国家统计局、英国公共卫生研究所、皮尔布赖特研究所和爱丁堡大学的研究人员正在调查遗传因素是否参与决定个体的反应，并研究免疫应答不佳的个体对疫苗的免疫反应的性质。这项工作计划将遗传学家、免疫学家、病毒学家、流行病学家、公共卫生专家和临床试验专家聚集在一个协作小组中。研究人员将邀请全国新冠肺炎感染调查的参与者以及那些已经使用牛津-阿斯利康疫苗进行临床试验的人参与这项研究。基因分析将包括观察DNA中的单字母差异，以及感染或其他环境暴露后DNA序列可能发生的化学修饰。免疫学分析将重点放在我们对病毒的抗体反应，杀死病毒的能力，我们将测试加强疫苗接种是否有助于这些人的反应。研究的设计和实施将涉及患者和参与者代表，研究结果将传达给非专业观众和公众。这项研究的结果将被用于疫苗政策和推广。

项目成果

Why do breakthrough COVID-19 infections occur in the vaccinated?

• DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcab307
• 发表时间: 2022-02-21
• 期刊: QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians
• 作者: Maclean P;Mentzer AJ;Lambe T;Knight J
• 通讯作者: Knight J

Response to Letter to the Editor by Ish et al. entitled 'COVID-19 vaccine equity-the need of the hour'.

• DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcac024
• 发表时间: 2023-02-14
• 期刊: QJM-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
• 影响因子: 13.3
• 作者: Maclean, P.;Mentzer, A. J.;Lambe, T.;Knight, J. C.
• 通讯作者: Knight, J. C.