EVOLUTION OF METABOLISM: MICROBIAL GENOMES

通过完全测序获得丰富的基因组信息 微生物基因组提供了一个新的起点来洞察 生物体的多层次组织及其进化*。我们拿着 下一步，不再通过表达的功能来注释基因 蛋白质，更全面地描述新陈代谢 蛋白质作为酶加工底物的途径[]。通过 病原微生物与自由生物的比较 致病性可能与基因缺失的功能有关 自养生物。流感嗜血杆菌和大肠杆菌是一个众所周知的例子 这样的关系。类似的结果也可以在自由生活中得到报道。 枯草杆菌和致病性链球菌。这项研究对药物有帮助 干扰宿主相互作用的设计与疾病治疗 病原体的影响因素和途径。我们还致力于发展 在生物水平上构建生物间系统发育关系的方法 代谢途径。通过图论方法结合 序列信息中，不同生物的途径是相关的 彼此之间。应用该方法得到了初步的结果。 在与电子转移相关的途径上。这表明嵌合体 古生菌的起源，因此是这种途径的早期进化[65]。 论序列水平与基因簇组织的密切关系 对细菌的危害比对真核生物的危害要大。这些成就 为重建最小的基因集打开了大门，调控 以及三者的宇宙祖先的代谢途径 王国、古生菌、细菌和优加拉植物。

The abundance of genomic information by completely sequenced microbial genomes provides a starting point for new insights in the multi-level organization of organisms and their evolution*. We take the next step, away from annotating genes by functions of expressed proteins, towards a more comprehensive description of metabolic pathways of proteins acting as enzymes processing substrates [64]. By comparing pathogenic microbes with free living organisms the pathogenicity can be related to functions which are missing in autotrophs. H. influencae and E. coli are a well known example for such relationships. Similar results can be reported for free living B. subtilis and pathogenic Streptococci. This study aids in drug design and disease treatment by interfering with host-interaction factors and pathways of pathogens. We also pursue the development of methods to construct phylogenies between organisms on the level of metabolic pathways. By a graph-theoretical approach combined with sequence information, pathways of different organisms are related to each other. First results have been obtained by applying this method on pathways related to electron transfer. This suggests the chimeric origin of archaea and thus an early evolution of such pathways [65]. On sequence level and gene cluster organization a closer relationship to bacteria than to eucarya can be reported. These accomplishments open the door for reconstructing the minimal set of genes, regulatory and metabolic pathways of the universal ancestor of all three kingdoms, archaea, bacteria and eucarya.