VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH IN HEALTH AND DISEASE

前庭迷路与健康和疾病的关系

• 批准号: 6166407
• 负责人: Stephen Morris Highstein
• 金额: $ 2.5万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-09-30 至 2001-09-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6166407
• 关键词: labyrinth; labyrinth disorder; meeting /conference /symposium; travel

Vestibular research has seen recent major advances with the advent of new tools, techniques and ideas. These advantages have been realized in studies of both the central and peripheral vestibular systems in studies performed on both terrestrial and microgravity. Advances have been made in the understanding of the contributions of biomechanics, including intra labyrinthine pressure to the formation of the response dynamics of the semicircular canal nerves. Experiments have also revealed that canal dynamics of the semicircular canal nerves Experiments have also revealed that canal plug does not completely inactivate the response of the plugged canal but shifts the phase and gain (dynamics) of the response. There have been advances in the study of the metabolism and formation of the otolith that is no longer regarded as a static entity but is viewed as a structure in the dynamic flux of remodeling. The concept of a "fragile" otolith has emerged to explain why there can be the occurrence of benign paroxsismal positional vertigo thought due to gravitational responses of the semicircular canals when otolithnic particles break off and become lodged upon the cupula. Studies in microgravity have bearing on the tilt-translation hypothesis of otolithic organ function. Concepts of the function of the vestibular nuclei have been completely revised by studies showing that signals related to head motion that are expressed in the nuclei are not seen when the head is free and the animal makes a voluntary movement. Finally, new tools have allowed scientists to begin to examine the frames of reference relative to the gravitoinertial vector in head free experiments. Clinical testing of peripheral labyrinthine function has also been revolutionized as it is now possible to test the function of single semicircular canals as well as the integrity of some central pathways using simple head thrust procedures. Therefore we desire to hold a forum paring basic scientists and clinicians on the same panel to discus and point out these advances and their meaning. To promote the educational aspects of the conference we hope to award up to 30 fellowships to students and postdoctoral fellows to acquaint them with the exciting new developments in vestibular research.

随着新工具、技术和思想的出现，前庭研究最近取得了重大进展。在陆地和微重力条件下进行的中枢和外周前庭系统研究中，已经认识到了这些优点。生物力学的贡献，包括颅内压的半规管神经的反应动力学的形成的理解已经取得了进展。实验还揭示了半规管神经的管动力学实验还揭示了管塞并不完全抑制被塞管的响应，而是改变响应的相位和增益（动力学）。耳石的代谢和形成的研究已经取得了进展，不再被视为一个静态的实体，而是被视为一个结构的动态变化的重塑。“脆弱”耳石的概念已经出现，以解释为什么会发生良性阵发性位置性眩晕，认为这是由于半规管的重力反应，当耳石颗粒脱落并卡在吸盘上时。微重力研究与耳石器官功能的倾斜平移假说有关。前庭核功能的概念已经被研究完全修正，研究表明，当头部自由并且动物进行随意运动时，在核中表达的与头部运动相关的信号是看不到的。最后，新的工具使科学家们能够开始在无头实验中检查相对于重力惯性矢量的参考系。外周肾上腺皮质功能的临床测试也发生了革命性的变化，因为现在可以使用简单的头部推力程序来测试单个半规管的功能以及一些中央通路的完整性。因此，我们希望举办一个论坛，让基础科学家和临床医生在同一个小组中讨论并指出这些进展及其意义。为了促进会议的教育方面，我们希望向学生和博士后研究员颁发多达30个奖学金，以使他们了解前庭研究中令人兴奋的新发展。