Population structuring of Cod around the UK; scale, mechanism and dynamics

英国各地鳕鱼的种群结构；

• 批准号: NE/F001967/1
• 负责人: Gary Carvalho
• 金额: $ 14.57万
• 依托单位: University of Strathclyde
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2009 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FF001967%2F1
• 关键词: Population; structuring; Cod; around; UK

Many global marine fisheries have collapsed, or are at record low levels of abundance. Continuing exploitation and the uncertain impacts of climate change are adding further pressures on fish resources. New strategies are therefore required to assist in our management and conservation efforts. One such development will be to incorporate the extent and dynamics of spatially-associated biological differences that exist among fish stocks into stock assessment. Such information is important since most exploited fish species comprise assemblages of individuals that differ in their vital rates of growth, reproduction, migratory tendency and mortality. It therefore becomes desirable, for example, to match the level of fishing intensity to the projected rate of replenishment following harvesting, thereby reducing the probability that individual stocks will become extinct. Conserving such biological differences among stocks is also important in the maintenance of genetic diversity in wild fish populations, so endowing them with greater evolutionary potential for adapting to changes in the environment. A critical component of such work involves the testing of hypotheses relating to the relative contributions of such factors as dispersal of eggs and larvae, and behaviour of juveniles and adults in maintaining such biological differences. By integrating research efforts across each of the three major UK fisheries agencies (FRS, CEFAS, AFBI) with partners in UK Universities, a NERC Institute and an international cod expert from Denmark, we will for the first time examine the extent, patterns and stability of cod (Gadus morhua) population structuring throughout UK waters. We will employ existing (microsatellites) and new (single nucleotide polymorphisms) genetic markers to assess the extent to which individuals from different spawning groups interbreed, and will compare these indirect methods of dispersal with direct measure of fish movement taken from chemical analysis of ear-bones ('otoliths') and individuals that have been electronically 'tagged'. We will then input these data to tailored cod population models that will test the likely effects of young-stage and adult dispersal on observed patterns of stock separation, as well as simulating the likely consequences of spatially-based differences in stocks on such things as fishing effort, stock recovery and the design of marine protected areas. The proposal will represent the first opportunity for UK Universities and all three UK Fisheries agencies to work together on a problem that has to take account of the interdependence of fish stocks across large regions of UK and adjoining waters. The proposal will generate new genetic estimates of stock separation, especially in areas of uncertainty such as the Celtic and Irish Seas and the Southern North Sea and English Channel, as well as the provision of new theoretical tools (population models) than can be used to forecast the impact of continued fishing pressure and environmental change on cod populations. Moreover, the tools will provide information on the appropriate spatial scale and distribution of marine protected areas and the probable rates of stock recovery in a species that is now formally endangered and listed in the IUCN Red List (http://www.iucnredlist.org/).

全球许多海洋渔业已经崩溃，或者处于历史最低水平。持续的捕捞和气候变化的不确定影响正在给鱼类资源增加进一步的压力。因此，需要新的策略来协助我们的管理和保护工作。其中一项发展将是将鱼类种群之间存在的与空间有关的生物差异的程度和动态纳入种群评估。这些资料是重要的，因为大多数被捕捞的鱼类都是由不同生长、繁殖、洄游趋势和死亡率的个体组成的。因此，举例来说，最好是使捕捞强度与收获后的预计补充率相匹配，从而减少个别鱼类灭绝的可能性。保护种群之间的这种生物差异对于维持野生鱼类种群的遗传多样性也很重要，从而赋予它们更大的进化潜力来适应环境的变化。这类工作的一个关键组成部分是检验与诸如卵和幼虫的分散、幼鱼和成鱼在维持这种生物差异方面的行为等因素的相对贡献有关的假设。通过整合英国三大渔业机构（FRS， CEFAS， AFBI）与英国大学，NERC研究所和丹麦国际鳕鱼专家的合作伙伴的研究工作，我们将首次检查整个英国水域鳕鱼（Gadus morhua）种群结构的范围，模式和稳定性。我们将使用现有的（微卫星）和新的（单核苷酸多态性）遗传标记来评估来自不同产卵群体的个体杂交的程度，并将这些间接的扩散方法与通过耳骨（“耳石”）和电子“标记”个体的化学分析得出的鱼类运动的直接测量方法进行比较。然后，我们将这些数据输入到量身定制的鳕鱼种群模型中，该模型将测试幼鱼和成鱼分散对观察到的种群分离模式的可能影响，并模拟基于空间的种群差异对诸如捕鱼努力、种群恢复和海洋保护区设计等方面的可能后果。该提案将是英国大学和英国所有三个渔业机构第一次有机会共同努力解决一个问题，这个问题必须考虑到英国大片地区和邻近水域鱼类资源的相互依存关系。这项建议将产生新的种群分离遗传估计，特别是在诸如凯尔特海和爱尔兰海、北海南部和英吉利海峡等不确定地区，并提供新的理论工具（种群模型），用于预测持续捕捞压力和环境变化对鳕鱼种群的影响。此外，这些工具将提供有关海洋保护区的适当空间规模和分布的资料，以及目前正式列为濒危物种并列入自然保护联盟红色名录（http://www.iucnredlist.org/）的物种的可能种群恢复率的资料。

项目成果

The globalization of naval provisioning: ancient DNA and stable isotope analyses of stored cod from the wreck of the Mary Rose, AD 1545.

• DOI: 10.1098/rsos.150199
• 发表时间: 2015-09
• 期刊: Royal Society open science
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: Hutchinson WF;Culling M;Orton DC;Hänfling B;Lawson Handley L;Hamilton-Dyer S;O'Connell TC;Richards MP;Barrett JH
• 通讯作者: Barrett JH

Combination of genetics and spatial modelling highlights the sensitivity of cod (Gadus morhua) population diversity in the North Sea to distributions of fishing

• DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fst185
• 发表时间: 2014-05-01
• 期刊: ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Heath, Michael R.;Culling, Mark A.;Carvalho, Gary R.
• 通讯作者: Carvalho, Gary R.