ASSESSMENT OF THE RISK OF PASSIVE INHALTION OF DRUGS

当吸食滥用药物时，挥发性成分和热解 物质逃逸到大气中。 根据当地 环境中，旁观者可能通过被动接触药物 吸入受污染的空气。 人工方法已经被 在受控环境中吸食滥用药物， 测量空气中的药物浓度。 这些方法被应用于 人类临床研究的设计，以评估 环境暴露于毒品。 受试者暴露于蒸发的 在一个不通风的小房间里。 该研究在盲态下进行 与安慰剂对照和多个活性剂量的药物的条件。 收集尿液、血液和唾液样本，并通过 免疫测定法和固相萃取后气体分析法 色谱-质谱法。 结果表明，受试者 药物暴露水平取决于许多因素，包括 空气中的药物量、暴露时间和房间的程度 通风. 很明显，不知情的药物暴露可能是 对不知情的旁观者很危险，尤其是对小孩。 这些研究将确定挥发性成分的暴露限度 药物在受控条件下。

When drugs of abuse are smoked, volatile components and pyrolysis material escape into the atmosphere. Depending on the local environment, bystanders may be exposed to the drug by passive inhalation of the contaminated air. Artificial methods have been developed to smoke drugs of abuse in a controlled environment and to measure drug concentrations in air. These methods were then applied to the design of human clinical studies to assess the hazards of environmental exposure to drugs. Subjects were exposed to vaporized drug in a small unventilated room. The study was performed under blind conditions with placebo control and multiple active doses of drug. Urine, blood and saliva samples were collected and analyzed by immunoassay and by solid-phase-extraction followed by analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results indicated that subjects level of drug exposure are dependent upon numerous factors including the amount of drug in air, length of exposure, and degree of room ventilation. It was clear that unknowing drug exposure could be dangerous to unsuspecting bystanders, particularly to small children. These studies will establish limits of exposure to volatile components of drugs under controlled conditions.