DETECTION OF DRUGS OF ABUSE IN HUMAN SALIVA

唾液是药物测试的替代生物基质， 与诸如血液和尿液的更传统的流体相比具有若干优点。 收集是快速、非侵入性和相对容易获得的。 几 报告详细描述了唾液中滥用药物的外观，但很少有 比较了不同药物给药的排泄曲线， 航线 在这项研究中，受试者被给予三个吸烟和三个 静脉注射剂量递增的海洛因 血液和 给药后定期收集唾液并进行分析 通过气相色谱/质谱法（GC/MS）检测海洛因，6- 乙酰吗啡和吗啡。 在第二项研究中， 给予单次吸食剂量的可卡因碱，鼻内剂量的 盐酸可卡因和静脉注射盐酸可卡因 在不同的场合。 收集血浆和唾液并通过 GC/MS法测定可卡因、脱水爱贡碱甲酯（AEME）和七种 其他代谢物。 海洛因和6-乙酰吗啡被检测到， 给药后收集的第一份唾液样品（2分钟）， 两条路。 海洛因浓度迅速达到峰值， 2-5静脉给药后2 min和吸烟后2 min 海洛因 吸食海洛因后唾液中海洛因浓度的变化 范围为3534（2.6 mg）- 20580（5.2 mg），静脉给药后 给药范围为6 ng/mL（10 mg盐酸海洛因）至30 ng/mL（12 mg）。 静脉注射海洛因后唾液浓度迅速下降 给药，达到试验灵敏度限度（1 ng/mL） 吸烟后唾液中的海洛因浓度下降 缓慢，检测时间范围为4-24 h。 科芬是少校 吸烟和静脉注射后唾液和血浆中检测到的分析物 局 静脉注射后唾液可卡因浓度峰值 给药范围为428-1927 ng/mL（N=7），吸烟后为 15852-504880 ng/mL（N=7）。 静脉注射后血浆可卡因水平峰值 给药范围为122-442 ng/mL（N=7），吸烟后范围为46- 442 ng/mL（N=7）。 291 ng/mL（N=7）。 可卡因的热降解产物AEME， 在吸烟后的唾液中检测到，而不是血液。 唾液AEME峰值 在2分钟时达到浓度，范围为558-4374 ng/mL （N=7）。 这是第一次报告海洛因的观察结果， 海洛因吸入后唾液中的代谢物和唾液中AEME 吸食可卡因之后 大量可卡因的存在 吸烟和鼻内给药后唾液中的含量反映了口服 污染. 总的来说，这些数据表明唾液作为 一种用于检测最近吸毒的测试介质。

Saliva is an alternate biological matrix for drug testing that has several advantages over more traditional fluids such as blood and urine. Collection is rapid, non-invasive and relatively easy to obtain. Several reports have detailed the appearance of drugs of abuse in saliva but few have compared the excretion profiles of drugs administered by different routes. In this study, subjects were administered three smoked and three intravenous doses of heroin in an ascending dose design. Blood and saliva were collected periodically after drug administration and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for heroin, 6- acetylmorphine and morphine. In a second study, subjects were administered a single smoked dose of cocaine base, an intranasal dose of cocaine hydrochloride, and an intravenous dose of cocaine hydrochloride on separate occasions. Plasma and saliva were collected and analyzed by GC/MS for cocaine, anhydroecgonine methyl ester (AEME) and seven additional metabolites. Heroin and 6-acetylmorphine were detected in the first saliva sample collected (2 min) following drug administration by both routes. Peak heroin concentrations were achieved quickly, between 2-5 min after intravenous administration and at 2 min after smoked heroin. Peak heroin concentrations in saliva after smoking heroin base ranged from 3534 (2.6 mg) - 20580 (5.2 mg) and after intravenous administration ranged from 6 ng/mL (10 mg heroin HCl) to 30 ng/mL (12 mg). Saliva concentrations of heroin declined rapidly after intravenous administration, reaching the limit of sensitivity of the assay (1 ng/mL) by 60 min. Heroin concentrations in saliva after smoking declined slowly, with detection times ranging from 4-24 h. Cocaine was the major analyte detected in saliva and plasma after smoked and intravenous administration. Peak saliva cocaine concentrations after intravenous administration ranged from 428-1927 ng/mL (N=7) and after smoking from 15852-504880 ng/mL (N=7). Peak plasma cocaine levels after intravenous administration ranged from 122-442 ng/mL (N=7) and after smoking from 46- 291 ng/mL (N=7). The thermal degradation product of cocaine, AEME, was detected in saliva but not blood following smoking. Peak saliva AEME concentrations were achieved at 2 min and ranged from 558-4374 ng/mL (N=7). These are the first reported observations of heroin and metabolites in saliva following heroin smoking and of AEME in saliva after smoking cocaine base. The presence of large quantities of cocaine in saliva after the smoked and intranasal doses was a reflection of oral contamination. Overall, these data indicated the utility of saliva as a test media for detecting recent drug use.