Strength in diversity: the effects of host-parasite genetic diversity on transmission and evolution

多样性的力量:宿主-寄生虫遗传多样性对传播和进化的影响

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    NE/G006849/2
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 3.03万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    英国
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助国家:
    英国
  • 起止时间:
    2013 至 无数据
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Parasites are a dominant force in nature. Perhaps as many as half of all species have a parasitic lifestyle and they have powerful effects on the fitness of the organisms they infect. Many studies of host-parasite interactions have considered only the simplest scenario of a single parasite infecting a single host genotype. However, most host-parasite interactions are far more complex than this. Host populations are made up of a diversity of genotypes that will vary in their resistance to parasites. Parasite infections commonly consist of multiple strains of parasite that will vary in virulence. The interaction is not always straightforward, with, for example, parasites that are virulent in one host genotype, relative to other parasites strains, being relatively less virulent in another host genotype. When infections involve multiple parasite strains, they compete to exploit the limited resources provided by the host, with the most virulent strains being likely to win. Most models therefore predict that within-host competition between parasite strains results in an infection expressing greater virulence, and will also select over evolutionary time for parasites of greater virulence. However, experimental evidence for these effects is limited and contradictory, with some studies finding that less virulent strains in fact win during within-host competition or that the outcome is dependent on the host genotype in which the competition takes place. This project will investigate the effects of both host and parasite genetic diversity on parasite virulence, transmission and evolution, in honeybees and their fungal parasite, chalkbrood. Honeybees are an excellent model host because, unusually for a social insect, their colonies have relatively high genetic diversity. This makes the identification of genetic effects on resistance straightforward to identify and has been suggested to have evolved to improve their resistance to disease. The chalkbrood parasite is also an excellent model because it produces a single batch of characteristic spores shortly after killing its host, which makes parasite fitness easy to measure. Chalkbrood also has an intriguing reproductive biology, requiring mating between two opposite 'sex' strains to reproduce. Whereas within-host interactions between most parasites are competitive, for chalkbrood they may therefore be either competitive or mutualistic depending upon the sexes of the interacting strains. The project will combine advanced apicultural, microbiological and genetic techniques to examine how honeybee and chalkbrood genetic diversity determines the outcome of infections. It will use a powerful genetic method to quantify the actual within-host dynamics of infections involving multiple parasite strains. Finally it will carry out experimental evolution to establish how host and parasite genetic diversity impacts the evolution of the chalkbrood parasite. Recent epidemics, such as of the Varroa parasite and Colony Collapse Disorder, have highlighted the vulnerability of honeybees to disease, but honeybees suffer from a number of widespread endemic parasites, such as chalkbrood, that also significantly reduce their fitness and productivity. Honeybees are estimated to pollinate crops worth £200 million per annum in the UK, as well as many endangered plant species, so managing their populations sustainably is important for both natural ecosystems and agriculture in the UK. The threat of disease is the principle concern of UK beekeepers today. The results of the project will therefore help inform management strategies, as well as significantly advancing our understanding of the evolutionary biology of host-parasite interactions in general.
寄生虫是自然界的一种支配力量。也许多达一半的物种都有寄生的生活方式,它们对它们感染的生物体的适应性有强大的影响。许多宿主-寄生虫相互作用的研究只考虑了最简单的情况,即一种寄生虫感染一种宿主基因型。然而,大多数宿主-寄生虫相互作用远比这复杂得多。宿主种群由多种基因型组成,这些基因型对寄生虫的抗性各不相同。寄生虫感染通常由毒力不同的多种寄生虫株组成。这种相互作用并不总是直接的,例如,相对于其他寄生虫株,在一种宿主基因型中具有毒性的寄生虫在另一种宿主基因型中的毒性相对较低。当感染涉及多种寄生虫菌株时,它们会竞争利用宿主提供的有限资源,最毒的菌株可能获胜。因此,大多数模型预测,寄生虫菌株之间的宿主内竞争导致感染表达更大的毒力,并且还将在进化时间内选择更大毒力的寄生虫。然而,这些影响的实验证据是有限的和矛盾的,一些研究发现,毒性较低的菌株实际上赢得了在宿主内的竞争或结果是依赖于宿主基因型的竞争发生。本计画将探讨寄主与寄生虫遗传多样性对蜜蜂及其真菌寄生虫白垩病之毒力、传播与演化之影响。蜜蜂是一个很好的模式宿主,因为它们的群体具有相对较高的遗传多样性,这对一种社会性昆虫来说是不寻常的。这使得鉴定对抗性的遗传效应变得简单明了,并被认为是为了提高其对疾病的抗性而进化的。白垩幼虫寄生虫也是一个很好的模型,因为它在杀死宿主后不久就会产生一批特征孢子,这使得寄生虫的适合度很容易测量。白垩幼虫也有一个有趣的生殖生物学,需要两个相反的“性别”菌株之间的交配繁殖。而大多数寄生虫之间的宿主内相互作用是竞争性的,因此,对于白垩病,它们可能是竞争性的或互利的,这取决于相互作用菌株的性别。该项目将联合收割机结合先进的养蜂、微生物学和遗传技术,研究蜜蜂和白垩幼虫的遗传多样性如何决定感染的结果。它将使用一种强大的遗传方法来量化涉及多种寄生虫菌株的感染的实际宿主内动态。最后,它将进行实验进化,以确定宿主和寄生虫的遗传多样性如何影响白垩幼虫寄生虫的进化。最近的流行病,如瓦螨属寄生虫和蜂群衰竭失调症,突出了蜜蜂对疾病的脆弱性,但蜜蜂遭受许多广泛的地方性寄生虫,如白垩病,这也显着降低了它们的健康和生产力。据估计,蜜蜂每年为英国价值2亿英镑的作物以及许多濒危植物授粉,因此可持续地管理它们的种群对英国的自然生态系统和农业都很重要。疾病的威胁是当今英国养蜂人最关心的问题。因此,该项目的结果将有助于为管理策略提供信息,并显着推进我们对宿主-寄生虫相互作用的进化生物学的理解。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(4)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Host-parasite genotypic interactions in the honey bee: the dynamics of diversity.
  • DOI:
    10.1002/ece3.599
  • 发表时间:
    2013-07
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    2.6
  • 作者:
    Evison, Sophie E. F.;Fazio, Geraldine;Chappell, Paula;Foley, Kirsten;Jensen, Annette B.;Hughes, William O. H.
  • 通讯作者:
    Hughes, William O. H.
Innate expression of antimicrobial peptides does not explain genotypic diversity in resistance to fungal brood parasites in the honey bee
  • DOI:
    10.1007/s13592-015-0388-4
  • 发表时间:
    2016-03-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    2.4
  • 作者:
    Evison, Sophie E. F.;Fazio, Geraldine;Hughes, William O. H.
  • 通讯作者:
    Hughes, William O. H.
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William Hughes其他文献

Maximizing wound coverage in full-thickness skin defects: A randomized-controlled trial of autologous skin cell suspension and widely meshed autograft versus standard autografting
最大化全层皮肤缺损的伤口覆盖:自体皮肤细胞悬浮液和广泛网状自体移植与标准自体移植的随机对照试验
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2023
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3.4
  • 作者:
    Sharon Henry;Steven Mapula;Mark A. Grevious;Kevin N. Foster;Herbert Phelan;Jeffrey W Shupp;Rodney Chan;David Harrington;Neil Mashruwala;David A. Brown;Haaris Mir;George Singer;Alfredo C Cordova;Lisa Rae;Theresa L Chin;Lourdes Castanon;Derek Bell;William Hughes;Joseph A. Molnar
  • 通讯作者:
    Joseph A. Molnar
Elizabeth Telfer, Food for Thought: Philosophy and Food
Bilateral anterior compartment syndrome secondary to psychogenic polydipsia
  • DOI:
    10.1007/s00238-022-01939-0
  • 发表时间:
    2022-01-27
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0.800
  • 作者:
    William Hughes;Neill McCormack;Claire Cattigan;Damon Thomas;Stephen J. Goldie
  • 通讯作者:
    Stephen J. Goldie
Exosome-Deficient Mutants Reveal Rare Promoter Upstream Transcripts (PROMPTs) in Arabidopsis[OPEN]
  • DOI:
    10.1105/tpc.20.00215
  • 发表时间:
    2020-03
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    11.6
  • 作者:
    William Hughes
  • 通讯作者:
    William Hughes
Cervical necrotizing fasciitis originating with a periapical infection
  • DOI:
    10.14219/jada.archive.2010.0284
  • 发表时间:
    2010-07-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Trevor Treasure;William Hughes;Jeffrey Bennett
  • 通讯作者:
    Jeffrey Bennett

William Hughes的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('William Hughes', 18)}}的其他基金

EAGER Germination Renewal: Piloting a Center for Transformative Research at Boise State University
渴望萌芽更新:在博伊西州立大学试点变革研究中心
  • 批准号:
    1745944
  • 财政年份:
    2017
  • 资助金额:
    $ 3.03万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
EAGER Germination: Aligning Stakeholders and Structures to Enable Risk Taking (ASSERT)
EAGER Germination:协调利益相关者和结构以实现风险承担 (ASSERT)
  • 批准号:
    1629659
  • 财政年份:
    2016
  • 资助金额:
    $ 3.03万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
SNM: Atomically Precise, Defect Free, DNA Masks with Embedded Metrology
SNM:具有嵌入式计量功能的原子级精确、无缺陷 DNA 掩模
  • 批准号:
    1344915
  • 财政年份:
    2014
  • 资助金额:
    $ 3.03万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Development and verification of a standardised protocol for the detection of parasite infection levels in commercially-produced bumblebee colonies
开发和验证商业化生产的大黄蜂群中寄生虫感染水平检测的标准化方案
  • 批准号:
    NE/L002760/1
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 3.03万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
RUI: Modification and characterization of polymer surfaces with applications in microfluidic neural circuit development
RUI:聚合物表面的改性和表征及其在微流体神经回路开发中的应用
  • 批准号:
    1305808
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 3.03万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
An Interdisciplinary Materials Science REU Program at James Madison University
詹姆斯麦迪逊大学跨学科材料科学 REU 项目
  • 批准号:
    0851367
  • 财政年份:
    2009
  • 资助金额:
    $ 3.03万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Genetic polymorphism for chemical tags in leaf-cutting ants
切叶蚁化学标签的遗传多态性
  • 批准号:
    NE/F011253/1
  • 财政年份:
    2009
  • 资助金额:
    $ 3.03万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
Strength in diversity: the effects of host-parasite genetic diversity on transmission and evolution
多样性的力量:宿主-寄生虫遗传多样性对传播和进化的影响
  • 批准号:
    NE/G006849/1
  • 财政年份:
    2009
  • 资助金额:
    $ 3.03万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
Host resistance and within-host competition between leaf-cutting ant parasites with opposing transmission strategies
具有相反传播策略的切叶蚁寄生虫之间的宿主抵抗和宿主内竞争
  • 批准号:
    NE/F000677/1
  • 财政年份:
    2008
  • 资助金额:
    $ 3.03万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
An Interdisciplinary Materials Research REU Site at James Madison University
詹姆斯麦迪逊大学跨学科材料研究 REU 站点
  • 批准号:
    0353773
  • 财政年份:
    2004
  • 资助金额:
    $ 3.03万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant

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不同栽培环境条件下不同基因型牡丹根部细菌种群多样性特征
  • 批准号:
    31070617
  • 批准年份:
    2010
  • 资助金额:
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The Socioecology of Sexual Minority Stigma: Data Harmonization to Address Confounding Bias and Investigate Cross-Level MentalHealth Effects
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