Synthesis and Integration of Global Air-Sea Gas and Particle Fluxes to Improve Models and Assessments of Future Climate and Pollution

多年来，人们进行了大量的工作来测量全球海洋及其上层大气中的化学物质和小颗粒，包括来自陆地的尘埃。这些化学物质和颗粒在决定地球气候和我们呼吸的空气质量方面发挥着重要作用。此外，来自陆地表面的尘埃通过大气运输，并在全球范围内分布。其中一些来自陆地的灰尘沉积到海洋中，提供了营养物质的来源，特别是铁，这对海洋微观植物（浮游生物）的生计至关重要。我们建议与科学界合作，将这些测量结果汇集到大型数据库中，并利用这些数据，连同有关空气与海洋之间化学物质和颗粒交换速率的最新信息，对海洋与大气之间物质交换的数量作出尽可能准确的估计。更好地了解这些化合物和颗粒的相对数量，以及它们在海洋和大气之间的交换，将对那些试图模拟地球气候和空气质量的科学家们特别有益。这一信息也将有助于预测由于大气中二氧化碳增加及其对海洋酸度、温度和海洋混合的影响等因素而引起的未来变化。为了使减缓和适应气候及其他全球变化的收益最大化、成本最小化，这些模型的预测对政策制定者非常重要。

A large amount of work has taken place over a number of years to make measurements of chemicals and small particles, included land-derived dust, in both the global ocean and its overlying atmosphere. These chemicals and particles play important roles in determining the Earth's climate and the quality of the air we breathe. In addition, dust derived from the land surface is transported through the atmosphere and becomes distributed globally. Some of this land-derived dust deposits onto the oceans and provides a source of nutrients, particularly iron, which are vital to the livelihood of marine microscopic plants (plankton). We propose to work with the scientific community to bring such measurements together into large databases and to use them, along with the most up-to-date information on rates at which chemicals and particles exchange between the air and the sea, to make the best possible estimates of the amounts of materials exchanging between the ocean and the atmosphere. An improved understanding of the relative amounts of these compounds and particles and their exchange between the ocean and atmosphere will be particularly beneficial to scientists who are trying to model the Earth's climate and air quality. This information will also be useful for predicting future changes due to factors such as increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and its affect on ocean acidity, temperature and ocean mixing. The predictions from such models are important to policy makers in order to maximise the benefits and minimise the costs of mitigating and adapting to climate and other global changes.