Integrated Carbon, Water and Land Management for Poverty Alleviation

碳、水、土地综合管理扶贫

• 批准号: NE/I00307X/1
• 负责人: Pier Luigi Vidale
• 金额: $ 20.35万
• 依托单位: University of Reading
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2010 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FI00307X%2F1
• 关键词: Integrated; Carbon; Water; Land; Management

Ecosystem services can and should be related to carbon management, in combination with sustainable water and land management. The global nature of climate change mitigation provides opportunities for developing countries to alleviate poverty by capitalizing on their natural resources and trading on the international carbon markets. Such opportunities may arise from biotic carbon sequestration through reforestation or biofuel production. However, the changes in land-use that result from any such initiatives may be detrimental to ecosystem services, such as biodiversity, water quality and water availability. In the long term, changes in climate and population may worsen these impacts, rendering such land management initiatives unsustainable from both biophysical and socio-economic standpoints. Land use change initiatives should therefore be assessed in a framework that incorporates climate and socio-economic change, in order to identify those that have the potential to alleviate poverty in the long term, and discount those that are likely to worsen the problem. The extensive existing work on land management has yielded much valuable data on energy crop physiology, the economic implications of different land management strategies, the observed effects of land management on ecosystem services, and best practice for implementing land management projects. Parallel to this, there has been much work on land surface feedbacks, the water cycle, regional climate variability and change, which has involved the development of state-of-the-art climate, land surface, hydrological and crop models. This project proposes to bring these strands of research together to investigate the sustainability of land management initiatives in a changing climate. Existing tools, informed by published data, would be combined into a modeling framework that would be applied to a series of scenarios involving intensive cultivation of sugar cane. Specifically, the following three issues would be addressed: (1) The feasibility and sustainability (economic and physical) of sugarcane cultivation for biofuel production in a changing climate, and the capacity of such activities to alleviate poverty in the long term. (2) The long term impact of land management on ecosystem services, with particular focus on the effect on water availability (3) Land surface - climate feedbacks, and their impact on the sustainability of land management initiatives and existing land use. The modeling would be applied to sugarcane cultivation in Brazil and Ghana. Brazil has a well-established sugarcane industry that already provides substantial employment and income. The dependence of large parts of the country on biofuel production makes the industry's long-term economic viability a pressing issue. Although production is not currently limited by water availability, this may change in the future due to changing environmental conditions. Ghana was chosen for the other case study because it is on the verge of becoming a major player in the bio-ethanol market, as the result of an agreement signed with Brazilian partners in 2006 to grow bio-energy crops. The prospect of exporting biofuel technology from Brazil to Africa raises urgent questions about environmental sustainability and the capacity of energy crop cultivation initiatives to alleviate poverty. In particular, there is a pressing need for rigorous assessment of the delicate balance between yield (and hence profitability), irrigation, water resources and the livelihoods of local people. The proposed study is primarily a proof of concept, with the main focus on developing a modeling framework and engaging with researchers in Ghana and Brazil, in order to apply it in a useful and informative way. It should be emphasized, however, that the framework would be equally applicable to other energy and food crops, such as Jatropha Curcas and could be applied to any region of the world.

生态系统服务可以而且应该与碳管理相关，并结合可持续的水和土地管理。减缓气候变化的全球性为发展中国家提供了通过利用其自然资源和在国际碳市场上进行交易来减轻贫困的机会。这些机会可能来自通过重新造林或生物燃料生产进行的生物碳固存。然而，任何此类举措导致的土地利用变化可能不利于生态系统服务，例如生物多样性、水质和水资源供应。从长远来看，气候和人口的变化可能会加剧这些影响，从生物物理和社会经济的角度来看，此类土地管理举措都不可持续。因此，应在纳入气候和社会经济变化的框架内评估土地利用变化举措，以确定那些有可能长期减轻贫困的举措，并忽视那些可能使问题恶化的举措。现有的大量土地管理工作已经产生了许多有价值的数据，涉及能源作物生理学、不同土地管理策略的经济影响、观察到的土地管理对生态系统服务的影响以及实施土地管理项目的最佳实践。与此同时，在地表反馈、水循环、区域气候变率和变化方面也开展了大量工作，其中涉及最先进的气候、地表、水文和作物模型的开发。该项目建议将这些研究结合起来，研究气候变化下土地管理举措的可持续性。根据已发布数据的现有工具将被合并到一个建模框架中，该框架将应用于涉及甘蔗集约种植的一系列场景。具体而言，将解决以下三个问题：（1）在气候变化的情况下种植甘蔗生产生物燃料的可行性和可持续性（经济和物理），以及此类活动长期减轻贫困的能力。 (2) 土地管理对生态系统服务的长期影响，特别关注对水资源供应的影响。 (3) 地表-气候反馈及其对土地管理举措和现有土地利用可持续性的影响。该模型将应用于巴西和加纳的甘蔗种植。巴西拥有完善的甘蔗产业，已经提供了大量就业和收入。该国大部分地区对生物燃料生产的依赖使得该行业的长期经济生存能力成为一个紧迫的问题。尽管目前生产不受水资源供应的限制，但由于环境条件的变化，这种情况在未来可能会发生变化。加纳被选为另一个案例研究的原因是，2006 年与巴西合作伙伴签署了种植生物能源作物的协议，该国即将成为生物乙醇市场的主要参与者。从巴西向非洲出口生物燃料技术的前景引发了有关环境可持续性和能源作物种植举措减轻贫困能力的紧迫问题。特别是，迫切需要严格评估产量（以及盈利能力）、灌溉、水资源和当地人民生计之间的微妙平衡。拟议的研究主要是概念验证，主要侧重于开发建模框架并与加纳和巴西的研究人员合作，以便以有用且信息丰富的方式应用它。然而，应该强调的是，该框架同样适用于其他能源和粮食作物，例如麻疯树，并且可以适用于世界任何地区。

项目成果

Monitoring drought in Ghana using TAMSAT-ALERT: a new decision support system

• DOI: 10.1002/wea.3033
• 发表时间: 2017-07-01
• 期刊: WEATHER
• 影响因子: 1.9
• 作者: Brown, Matt;Black, Emily;Otu-Larbi, Fred
• 通讯作者: Otu-Larbi, Fred

The long-term feasibility of exporting sugarcane cultivation technology from Brazil to Ghana

巴西向加纳出口甘蔗种植技术的长期可行性

• 作者: Emily Black (Author)

TAMSAT-ALERT v1: A new framework for agricultural decision support

TAMSAT-ALERT v1：农业决策支持的新框架

• DOI: 10.5194/gmd-2017-316
• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Asfaw D

The environmental sustainability of sugarcane cultivation under scenarios of climate change: case studies for Brazil and Ghana

气候变化情景下甘蔗种植的环境可持续性：巴西和加纳的案例研究

• 作者: Emily Black (Author)

Integrated Carbon and Land Management for poverty alleviation: a new collaborative project funded under the ESPA programme

碳与土地综合管理促进扶贫：ESPA 计划资助的新合作项目

• 作者: Emily Black (Speaker)