Establishment of a Biological Monitoring Site on the Eyjafjallajoekull Fissure, Iceland

在冰岛埃亚菲亚德拉霍库尔裂缝建立生物监测点

• 批准号: NE/I007695/1
• 负责人: Charles Cockell
• 金额: $ 6.56万
• 依托单位: The Open University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2010 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FI007695%2F1
• 关键词: Establishment; Biological; Monitoring; Site; Eyjafjallajoekull

The Eyjafjallajoekull fissure, east of Reykjavik, Iceland, ruptured on April 15, spreading lava from 1 km-long opening. This event offers us a remarkable opportunity to establish a long-term ecological monitoring site to study the colonization of volcanic lava flows over time, to understand the development of a carbon cycle in newly formed rocks and the early processes of biological rock weathering. In this urgency grant we seek support to begin biological monitoring of the lava and to establish a microbial monitoring observatory on the flows. This work has direct importance for two areas of earth sciences: 1) understanding how fresh volcanic rocks, which account for 30% of carbon dioxide drawdown from the atmosphere each year through weathering, become colonized and what role a biota plays in rock weathering soon after its emplacement, 2) understanding the sequence of events for the establishment of a carbon cycle and active microbial communities on volcanic rocks, the most widespread and commonly formed new rock substrate on the Earth. We plan to carry out preliminary sampling and analysis of lava from of the site and to establish a weather station with a view to long-term monitoring of the biotic community on the flows. This work will yield new scientific insights into volcanic rock colonization and new defined protocols and technical insights into establishing long-term microbial observatories which we could apply elsewhere.

冰岛雷克雅未克以东的埃亚菲亚德拉冰盖裂缝于4月15日破裂，熔岩从1公里长的开口中蔓延开来。这一事件为我们提供了一个建立长期生态监测点的绝佳机会，以研究火山熔岩流随时间的殖民化，了解新形成岩石中碳循环的发展和生物岩石风化的早期过程。在这项紧急拨款中，我们寻求支持，开始对熔岩进行生物监测，并建立一个流动微生物监测观察站。这项工作对地球科学的两个领域具有直接的重要性：1）了解新鲜火山岩（每年通过风化从大气中吸收的二氧化碳占30%）如何定居，以及生物群在岩石就位后不久在岩石风化中发挥什么作用，2）了解建立的事件顺序火山岩上的碳循环和活性微生物群落，地球上分布最广、最常见的新岩石基底。我们计划对该地点的熔岩进行初步取样和分析，并建立一个气象站，以便长期监测熔岩流上的生物群落。这项工作将为火山岩殖民化提供新的科学见解，并为建立长期微生物观测站提供新的定义协议和技术见解，我们可以将其应用于其他地方。