Characterisation of the Near-Field Eyjafjallajökull Volcanic Plume and its Long-range Influence

近场埃亚菲亚德拉冰盖火山羽流的特征及其远程影响

• 批准号: NE/I015663/1
• 负责人: Paul Palmer
• 金额: $ 18.08万
• 依托单位: University of Edinburgh
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2011 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FI015663%2F1
• 关键词: Characterisation; Near; Field; Eyjafjallaj; kull

The volcanic plume from the Eyjafjallajökull eruption has caused significant disruption to air transport across Europe. The regulatory response, ensuring aviation safety, depends on dispersion models. The accuracy of the dispersion predictions depend on the intensity of the eruption, on the model representation of the plume dynamics and the physical properties of the ash and gases in the plume. Better characterisation of these processes and properties will require improved understanding of the near-source plume region. This project will bring to bear observations and modelling in order to achieve more accurate and validated dispersion predictions. The investigation will seek to integrate the volcanological and atmospheric science methods in order to initiate a complete system model of the near-field atmospheric processes. This study will integrate new modelling and insights into the dynamics of the volcanic plume and its gravitational equilibration in the stratified atmosphere, effects of meteorological conditions, physical and chemical behaviour of ash particles and gases, physical and chemical in situ measurements, ground-based remote sensing and satellite remote sensing of the plume with very high resolution numerical computational modelling. When integrated with characterisations of the emissions themselves, the research will lead to enhanced predictive capability. The Eyjafjallajökull eruption has now paused. However, all three previous historical eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull were followed by eruptions of the much larger Katla volcano. At least two other volcanic systems in Iceland are 'primed' ready to erupt. This project will ensure that the science and organisational lessons learned from the April/May 2010 response to Eyjafjallajökull are translated fully into preparedness for a further eruption of any other volcano over the coming years. Overall, the project will (a) complete the analysis of atmospheric data from the April/May eruption, (b) prepare for future observations and forecasting and (c) make additional observations if there is another eruption during within the forthcoming few years.

Eyjafjallajökull火山喷发产生的火山羽流对整个欧洲的航空运输造成了严重干扰。确保航空安全的监管反应取决于分散模型。散度预测的准确性取决于喷发的强度、羽流动力学的模型表示以及羽流中火山灰和气体的物理性质。要想更好地描述这些过程和性质，就需要提高对近源羽流区域的理解。该项目将进行观测和建模，以实现更准确和更有效的色散预测。这项调查将设法综合火山学和大气科学方法，以便建立一个完整的近场大气过程系统模型。这项研究将整合新的模型和见解，以了解火山羽流的动力学及其在分层大气中的引力平衡，气象条件的影响，火山灰颗粒和气体的物理和化学行为，物理和化学原位测量，地面遥感和卫星遥感的羽流具有非常高分辨率的数值计算模型。当与排放本身的特征相结合时，这项研究将提高预测能力。Eyjafjallajökull火山喷发现在已经停止。然而，Eyjafjallajökull之前的三次历史喷发都是在更大的卡特拉火山喷发之后发生的。冰岛至少还有两个火山系统已经做好了喷发的准备。该项目将确保从2010年4月/ 5月对Eyjafjallajökull的响应中吸取的科学和组织经验教训充分转化为未来几年任何其他火山进一步爆发的准备。总的来说，该项目将(a)完成对4月/ 5月火山喷发的大气数据的分析，(b)为未来的观测和预报做准备，以及(c)在未来几年内再次爆发时进行额外的观测。