South Asian Precipitation: A Seamless Assessment: SAPRISE

印度夏季季风为南亚约10亿人口提供了大约80%的年降雨量。其时间、强度和持续时间的变化对社会产生了巨大影响。南亚区域的天气和气候受到印度和偏远海洋盆地的天气和气候的影响，这种影响是通过所谓的远距联系（远程联系）实现的。远距联系来自厄尔尼诺等现象——一种在热带太平洋每2-8年发生一次的巨大海洋天气系统。微小的气溶胶颗粒也是南亚大气的关键组成部分，这是由于印度恒河平原上普遍存在的烹饪火，以及从当地和偏远沙漠吹来的灰尘。预测南亚季风的季节性、年代际和长期变化仍然是一个相当大的挑战。这项提议将英国和印度科学家聚集在一起，在了解在不同时间尺度上影响南亚季风的因素方面取得进展。关键的工具是新的气候模式，模拟不同的遥相关和气溶胶之间的相互作用，以及新的观测，特别是来自卫星的观测。该项目的最终目标是提高预测能力，从而有可能改善受季风降雨影响的人们的生活。

The Indian summer monsoon provides about 80% of annual rainfall to around a billion people in South Asia. Variations in its timing, intensity and duration have a dramatic impact on society. The weather and climate in the South Asian region is influenced by the weather and climate in the Indian and remote ocean basins via what are known as teleconnections (remote connections). Teleconnections emerge from phenomena such as El Nino - a kind of gigantic ocean weather system that occurs every 2-8 years in the tropical Pacific. Tiny aerosol particles are also key component of the South Asian atmosphere due to the prevalence of cooking fires over the Indo-Gangetic Plain and dust blown from local and remote deserts. It remains a considerable challenge to predict seasonal, decadal and longer-term changes in the South Asian monsoon. This proposal brings together UK and Indian scientists to make progress in understanding what affects the South Asian monsoon on different time scales. Key tools are new climate models that simulate the interactions between the different teleconnections and aerosols and new observations, especially those from satellites. The ultimate goal of the project is to improve predictive capability and to therefore potentially improve the lives of those people affected by monsoon rains.