UNDERSTANDING THE HEALTH EFFECTS OF SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS

描述(申请人摘要)：社会关系一直是可靠的 与发病率和死亡率有关。然而，联合贡献的 社会关系的积极和消极方面及其联系 对健康来说，还没有得到充分的检查。在拟议的研究中，我们 提出一个普遍的概念模型，表明一个人的社会 网络成员可以启发式地归类为积极的来源 (即社会支持)、消极来源(即社会厌恶)，或 既有积极因素，也有消极因素(即社会矛盾心理)。这个 这项研究的主要目的是检查(A)这一一般情况的效用 分析社会福利对健康影响的概念框架 关系和(B)负责相互联系的潜在机制 不同分析级别的社会关系和健康(例如 健康行为、心理状态、生理功能)。 我们在6项综合性研究中追求这些目标。在我们的前两项研究中，我们 调查患病率、心理健康相关因素和门诊 这些不同类别的社交活动与心血管的相关性 两性关系。研究3和研究4利用实验室范式检查 心血管反应涉及不同类别的情况 社会关系。在第一项研究中，我们探索是否 激活与支持、厌恶或 矛盾的网络纽带与心血管疾病的差异有关 反应性。在我们的第二个实验室研究中，我们检查是否支持 行为降低心血管对急性应激的反应性 会员是矛盾心理的来源。研究5调查了儿童的发展 可能影响不同社交网络形成的过程。 最后，我们研究了我们的模型在一个具有生物学意义的 使用流感疫苗接种范例的结果(研究6)。重要的是，我们的 初步研究提供了证据，证明了 建议的研究。

DESCRIPTION (Applicant's abstract): Social relationships have been reliably related to morbidity and mortality. However, the joint contribution of positive and negative aspects of social relationships, and its association to health, has not been adequately examined. In the proposed research, we present a general conceptual model suggesting that an individual's social network members may be heuristically categorized as sources of positivity (i.e., social support), sources of negativity (i.e., social aversion), or sources of both positivity and negativity (i.e., social ambivalence). The major aims of this research are to examine (a) the utility of this general conceptual framework for analyzing the health effects of social relationships and (b) potential mechanisms responsible for links between social relationships and health at differing levels of analysis (e.g.. health behaviors, psychological states, physiological function). We pursue these aims in 6 integrative studies. In our first two studies, we investigate the prevalence, mental health correlates, and ambulatory cardiovascular correlates of these different categories of social relationships. Studies 3 and 4 utilize laboratory paradigms to examine cardiovascular reactions to situations involving different categories of social relationships. In the first of these studies, we explore if the activation of a schemata associated with a supportive, aversive, or ambivalent network tie is associated with differences in cardiovascular reactivity. In our second laboratory study, we examine if supportive behaviors reduce cardiovascular reactivity to acute stress when the network member is a source of ambivalence. Study 5 investigates the developmental processes that may influence the formation of different social networks. Finally we examine an application of our model to a biologically significant outcome using an influenza vaccination paradigm (study 6). Importantly, our preliminary research provides evidence for the feasibility and potential of the proposed research.