Epidemiology and dynamics of a newly emergent poxvirus infection in wild birds

野鸟中新出现的痘病毒感染的流行病学和动态

• 批准号: NE/I028718/1
• 负责人: Ben Sheldon
• 金额: $ 6.71万
• 依托单位: University of Oxford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2011 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FI028718%2F1
• 关键词: Epidemiology; dynamics; newly; emergent; poxvirus

In 2007 the first cases of a new form of infectious disease - a kind of pox - were reported from common birds in the UK. While pox is found in many birds, this usually occurs in low frequency and often with rather minor effects. The new form of pox occurs at higher frequency, and results in large infected lesions which have been found to cause death in wild birds, but otherwise very little is known about how the disease is transmitted and what effects it has on birds. This new form of pox seems to infect tits, in particular the great tit, at high frequency. In May 2010, this new disease appeared in a long-term study population of the great tit near Oxford, and has increased in frequency to infect almost 10% of great tits by November 2010. It is rare to study the emergence of a novel disease from the first cases, and this research aims both to understand the effect of this disease on birds, but also to study the factors determining its spread through two adjacent populations of tits, as well as more broadly through the UK. In order to do so we will: (1) Catch birds repeatedly to study rates of infection and the progression of the disease in infected birds;(2) Integrate information from captures with long-term study data to understand factors predisposing birds to disease;(3) Collate information from reports from the public concerning the distribution and spread of this disease;(4) Use post-mortem examination and molecular genetic tools to identify the pox virus responsible for these infections;(5) Issue requests to the public to collect further data on the spread of this disease in 2011.Infectious diseases can represent serious threats to wildlife; our aim with this research is both to assess the threat that this new disease poses to common UK garden birds, as well as to develop an understanding of the way in which it spreads through populations. Such knowledge is vital if we were to design interventions at a later stage.

2007 年，英国报道了第一例新型传染病（一种痘）病例，该病例来自英国的普通鸟类。虽然在许多鸟类中都发现了痘，但这种情况通常发生的频率较低，而且通常影响较小。这种新形式的痘发生频率更高，并导致大面积感染病变，已发现这些病变可导致野生鸟类死亡，但除此之外，人们对该疾病如何传播以及对鸟类有何影响知之甚少。这种新形式的痘似乎会高频率地感染山雀，尤其是大山雀。 2010年5月，这种新疾病出现在牛津附近的大山雀长期研究种群中，到2010年11月，感染频率已增加到近10%的大山雀。从第一批病例开始研究新疾病的出现是罕见的，这项研究的目的既是为了了解这种疾病对鸟类的影响，也是为了研究决定其在两个相邻山雀种群以及更广泛的英国传播的因素。为此，我们将：(1) 反复捕捉禽类，研究受感染禽类的感染率和疾病进展情况；(2) 将捕获信息与长期研究数据相结合，了解导致禽类患病的因素；(3) 整理公众报告中有关该疾病分布和传播的信息；(4) 使用尸检和分子遗传学工具来识别导致这些感染的痘病毒；(5) 向 公众收集有关 2011 年该疾病传播的进一步数据。传染病可能对野生动物构成严重威胁；我们这项研究的目的是评估这种新疾病对英国常见花园鸟类造成的威胁，并了解其在人群中传播的方式。如果我们要在后期设计干预措施，这些知识至关重要。

项目成果

Individual and population-level impacts of an emerging poxvirus disease in a wild population of great tits.

野生山雀的新兴痘病毒疾病对个人和人口水平的影响。

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048545
• 发表时间: 2012
• 期刊: PloS one
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Lachish S;Bonsall MB;Lawson B;Cunningham AA;Sheldon BC
• 通讯作者: Sheldon BC

Epidemiology of the emergent disease Paridae pox in an intensively studied wild bird population.

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038316
• 发表时间: 2012
• 期刊: PloS one
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Lachish S;Lawson B;Cunningham AA;Sheldon BC
• 通讯作者: Sheldon BC

Emergence of a novel avian pox disease in British tit species.

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040176
• 发表时间: 2012
• 期刊: PloS one
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Lawson B;Lachish S;Colvile KM;Durrant C;Peck KM;Toms MP;Sheldon BC;Cunningham AA
• 通讯作者: Cunningham AA