Quantifying benefits and impacts of fishing exclusion zones around Marine Renewable Energy Installations

量化海洋可再生能源设施周围禁渔区的效益和影响

• 批准号: NE/J012343/1
• 负责人: David Sims
• 金额: $ 56.51万
• 依托单位: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2012 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FJ012343%2F1
• 关键词: Quantifying; benefits; impacts; fishing; exclusion

Tidal, wave and offshore wind resources will be important for meeting an increasing proportion of society's future energy needs. However, marine renewable energy devices are likely to have direct impacts and indirect effects on shelf and coastal environments and biota across a range of spatio-temporal scales. These potential effects (both positive and negative) have implications for pelagic, demersal and benthic fish and invertebrate (shellfish) populations, their essential habitats and the fisheries they support. Globally, there is at present a very limited understanding of how large-scale development of marine renewable energy installations (MREI) will affect fish and shellfish populations and the fisheries that exploit them.Whilst some research to date has considered fish sensory responses to probable noise and electromagnetic fields associated with MREIs, the major gaps in knowledge that will have particular socio-economic importance lie in understanding the longer term behavioural and ecological responses, including habitat use by fish and shellfish, arising from marine renewable devices themselves and the areas immediately surrounding areas that exclude fishing. Hence, there is a need to quantify whether fisheries in areas adjacent to fishery exclusion zones around MREI sites in temperate regions are enhanced by the hypothesised biological 'spillover' effect, how MREI areas may be connected biologically, and the biological and socio-economic effects of displacing exploitation pressure from MREI sites to adjacent areas.In the proposed research we will use a novel combination of behavioural tracking, density estimations and modelling approaches to address whether 'spillover' of species abundance (fish, shellfish) as a consequence of the no-fishing area around MREIs enhance adjacent areas. We propose to conduct research at a small-spatial scale, wave energy test site (the Wave Hub, off Hayle, Cornwall) and a Round 1 (R1) 30-turbine offshore wind farm (North Hoyle, off Rhyl, North Wales) and the area north of this towards the R2 Gwynt-y-Mor wind farm currently under construction. Our approach in these locations will be to quantify where large numbers of fish and shellfish of several species (e.g. edible crab, lobster, Atlantic cod, thornback ray) are located in relation to MREI, adjacent and more distant areas, and how much time they spend in those locations over annual cycles. We will then use this precise spatial information for several hundred individuals to scale up to potential population levels using relative abundance data from surveys for these focal species in those areas. From this, empirical estimates of the magnitude of spillover and its spatio-temporal dynamics will be made. These will be compared with spatial fishery models, to assess how rates of exchange of animals between areas accessible and inaccessible to fishing determine outcomes in terms of both spawning potential and fishery yield. We will use an individual-based modelling approach to identify how patterns of space use by fish/shellfish determine these outcomes when MREIs are introduced into stock areas. This research will also undertake a socio-economic analysis of the impacts and benefits to fisheries of MREIs that exclude fishing, and the effects of displacement of fishing exploitation to adjacent areas.These data will be contextualised with the relative abundance of predators of fish (seabirds, marine mammals) in MREI and adjacent areas together with how fish and shellfish movements and space use change in response to variations in the physical environment (wave height, current velocity) will allow a deeper understanding of the drivers of distributional change in target species in MREI and adjacent areas. The proposed research will benefit from using novel tracking technologies, including an acoustic monitoring array that is unique to the UK, to obtain the first long-term movement data for multiple species around MREI sites.

潮汐、波浪和海上风力资源对于满足社会未来日益增长的能源需求将十分重要。然而，海洋可再生能源装置可能在一系列时空尺度上对大陆架和沿海环境及生物群产生直接和间接影响。这些潜在的影响（积极和消极的）对中上层、底层和底栖鱼类和无脊椎动物（贝类）种群、其基本生境及其所支持的渔业都有影响。在全球范围内，目前对海洋可再生能源装置（MREI）的大规模开发将如何影响鱼类和贝类种群以及利用它们的渔业的了解非常有限。尽管迄今为止的一些研究已经考虑了鱼类对可能与MREI相关的噪音和电磁场的感官反应，具有特别社会经济重要性的主要知识差距在于理解长期行为和生态反应，包括鱼类和贝类对生境的利用，海洋可再生装置本身以及不包括捕鱼的区域的直接周边地区所产生的污染。因此，有必要量化在温带地区MREI站点周围渔业禁区附近区域的渔业是否因假设的生物“溢出”效应而增强，MREI区域如何在生物上连接，以及将开发压力从MREI站点转移到邻近区域的生物和社会经济影响。密度估计和建模方法，以解决是否“溢出”的物种丰富度（鱼类，贝类）的结果，禁止捕鱼区周围的海洋环境影响指数提高邻近地区。我们建议在一个小空间尺度的波浪能试验场（位于康沃尔郡Hayle附近的波浪中心）和一个第1轮（R1）30-涡轮机海上风电场（位于北威尔士Rhyl附近的North Hoyle）以及目前正在建设中的R2 Gwynt-y-莫尔风电场以北的区域进行研究。在这些地点，我们的方法将是量化大量鱼类和贝类的几个物种（如食用蟹，龙虾，大西洋鳕鱼，棘背鳐）位于相对于MREI，邻近和更远的地区，以及他们花了多少时间在这些位置在每年的周期。然后，我们将使用数百个个体的精确空间信息，利用这些地区这些重点物种调查的相对丰度数据，扩大到潜在的种群水平。由此，将对溢出的规模及其时空动态进行经验估计。将这些模型与空间渔业模型进行比较，以评估可捕鱼和不可捕鱼地区之间的动物交换率如何决定产卵潜力和渔业产量的结果。我们将使用基于个人的建模方法，以确定如何使用的空间模式的鱼类/贝类确定这些结果时，MREIs被引入到股票领域。这项研究亦会就不包括捕鱼的海洋环境影响措施对渔业的影响和利益，以及将捕鱼活动转移至邻近地区的影响，进行社会经济分析。这些数据会与鱼类捕食者的相对丰度相结合（海鸟，海洋哺乳动物）海洋环境影响指数及邻近地区的鱼类及贝类动物的活动，以及空间使用如何因应自然环境的变化而改变（波高，流速）将允许更深入地了解MREI和邻近地区目标物种分布变化的驱动因素。拟议的研究将受益于使用新的跟踪技术，包括英国独有的声学监测阵列，以获得MREI站点周围多个物种的第一个长期运动数据。

项目成果

Two's company, three's a crowd: fine-scale habitat partitioning by depth among sympatric species of marine mesopredator

两人为伴，三人为群：海洋中捕食者同域物种按深度进行精细尺度栖息地划分

• DOI: 10.3354/meps11937
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Marine Ecology Progress Series
• 影响因子: 2.5
• 作者: Humphries N

Habitat selection, fine-scale spatial partitioning and sexual segregation in Rajidae, determined using passive acoustic telemetry

使用被动声学遥测技术确定豚科动物的栖息地选择、精细空间划分和性别隔离

• DOI: 10.3354/meps13701
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Marine Ecology Progress Series
• 影响因子: 2.5
• 作者: Simpson S

Pink sea fans (Eunicella verrucosa) as indicators of the spatial efficacy of Marine Protected Areas in southwest UK coastal waters

• DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2015.10.010
• 发表时间: 2016-02
• 期刊: Marine Policy
• 影响因子: 3.8
• 作者: S. Pikesley;B. Godley;H. Latham;P. Richardson;Laura M. Robson;J. Solandt;C. Trundle;C. Wood;M. Witt

The spatial ecology of Rajidae from mark-recapture tagging and its implications for assessing fishery interactions and efficacy of Marine Protected Areas

标记-重捕标记的鳉科空间生态学及其对评估渔业相互作用和海洋保护区功效的影响

• DOI: 10.1016/j.fishres.2020.105569
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Fisheries Research
• 影响因子: 2.4
• 作者: Simpson S

Diel vertical migration and central place foraging in benthic predators

• DOI: 10.3354/meps12324
• 发表时间: 2017-11
• 期刊: Marine Ecology Progress Series
• 影响因子: 2.5
• 作者: Nicolas E. Humphries;Samantha J. Simpson;D. W. Sims