International Partnership for Collaboration and Training in Earthquake Hazard Assessment and Mitigation in the Alpine-Himalayan Belt and Central Asia

阿尔卑斯-喜马拉雅带和中亚地震灾害评估与减灾国际合作与培训伙伴关系

• 批准号: NE/J016322/1
• 负责人: James Jackson
• 金额: $ 26.48万
• 依托单位: University of Cambridge
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2012 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FJ016322%2F1
• 关键词: International; Partnership; Collaboration; Training; Earthquake

As a series of high-impact earthquakes has made clear over the last few years, a stark contrast exists today between the effects of earthquakes in rich and developing nations. In terms of human life, the risk is overwhelmingly concentrated in the developing world, and predominantly in continental interiors, with the Alpine-Himalayan region and central Asia being particularly threatened. Many communities and cities in that region are known to be vulnerable because of past earthquakes, but now have considerably larger exposed populations. A first, and essential, step in reducing that vulnerability is to improve the level of knowledge and characterization of the hazard concerned; which is far below, for example, California or Japan. That task requires the engagement of scientists in the countries concerned, but would be greatly aided by the expertise available in the international scientific community, even in countries where the local scientific base is already strong.In particular, two geological effects contribute to continental Asia's special vulnerability. (1) Earthquakes in continental interiors typically occur on widely distributed faults that are poorly known and move relatively infrequently. By comparison, those on plate boundaries adjacent to oceans (such as Japan, Chile) occur on faults that are more localized, better known, and move more often. (2) Many human settlements in continental interiors concentrate (and then grow) in locations related to earthquake-generating faults, which control topography, water supply or trade routes. Improving knowledge and understanding of the earthquake hazard is therefore inescapably linked to the first-order scientific question of how continental tectonics works - a cutting-edge priority at the highest level in international science, which also requires the full range of observational, theoretical and technical capabilities now available to the scientific community. The issues involved in addressing earthquake hazard and earthquake science in the Alpine-Himalayan region and central Asia are therefore best tackled by international partnerships of scientists, which can help bring an appropriate mixture of expertise, technology, man-power and training to bear in each area or country. That is the point of the Partnership proposed here. The UK-based investigators in this proposal, principally from COMET+ *, the BGS (British Geological Survey) and Durham, are in a unique position to lead this Partnership, having been engaged on the ground or remotely in nearly all the countries concerned for a decade or more. This proposal originates from that point being made by non-UK participants at an international workshop in 2011, held specifically to address issues related to increasing resilience to earthquake hazard.This proposal is to facilitate the functioning of the Partnership through funding meetings, workshops and training activities, including a summer school and exchange visits, principally of young scientists between the UK and participating countries. The principal Project Partners, who will also contribute substantially to the costs, are Italy, Kazakhstan and China. Supporting members include Greece, Turkey, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan. Others may join later. The intention is that the benefits and functioning of the Partnership continue well beyond the duration of the IOF award.*COMET+ is the Dynamic Earth and Geohazards Group of NERC's National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO): see (http://comet.nerc.ac.uk)

正如过去几年一系列高影响地震所表明的那样，今天富裕国家和发展中国家的地震影响之间存在着鲜明的对比。就人的生命而言，风险绝大多数集中在发展中世界，主要是在大陆内部，阿尔卑斯-喜马拉雅地区和中亚受到的威胁尤其严重。该地区的许多社区和城市因过去的地震而被认为是脆弱的，但现在有相当多的人口暴露在地震中。减少这种脆弱性的第一个基本步骤是提高对有关危害的了解和定性水平;这远远低于例如加州或日本。这项任务需要有关国家的科学家参与，但国际科学界现有的专门知识，即使是在当地科学基础已经很强的国家，也会对这项任务大有帮助，特别是，两种地质影响造成亚洲大陆特别脆弱。(1)大陆内部的地震通常发生在广泛分布的断层上，这些断层鲜为人知，运动相对不频繁。相比之下，那些位于靠近海洋的板块边界（如日本、智利）上的断层更局部化、更为人所知，而且移动更频繁。(2)大陆内部的许多人类住区集中（然后增长）在与地震发生断层有关的位置，这些断层控制着地形，供水或贸易路线。因此，提高对地震危险的认识和理解不可避免地与大陆构造如何运作的首要科学问题联系在一起----这是国际科学最高级别的一个前沿优先事项，也需要科学界现有的各种观测、理论和技术能力。因此，在阿尔卑斯-喜马拉雅地区和中亚处理地震灾害和地震科学所涉及的问题最好由国际科学家伙伴关系来处理，这种伙伴关系可以帮助把专门知识、技术、人力和培训适当地结合起来，在每个地区或国家发挥作用。这就是这里提出的伙伴关系的要点。这项建议中的联合王国调查人员主要来自彗星+ *、英国地质调查局和达勒姆，他们在几乎所有有关国家实地或远程工作了十年或更长时间，处于领导这一伙伴关系的独特地位。这项建议源于非联合王国参与者在2011年专门讨论提高地震灾害复原力问题的国际研讨会上提出的观点，旨在通过资助会议、研讨会和培训活动，包括暑期学校和交流访问，主要是联合王国与参与国之间的青年科学家的交流访问，促进伙伴关系的运作。主要的项目合作伙伴是意大利、哈萨克斯坦和中国，他们也将承担大量费用。支持成员包括希腊、土耳其、伊朗、土库曼斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦和吉尔吉斯斯坦。其他人可以稍后加入。这样做的目的是使该伙伴关系的利益和运作在国际法语国家组织授标期限之后继续存在。COMET+是NERC国家地球观测中心（NCEO）的动态地球和地质灾害小组：见（http：comet.nerc.ac.uk）

项目成果

Unexpected earthquake hazard revealed by Holocene rupture on the Kenchreai Fault (central Greece): Implications for weak sub-fault shear zones

• DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2018.01.014
• 发表时间: 2018-03
• 期刊: Earth and Planetary Science Letters
• 影响因子: 5.3
• 作者: A. Copley;C. Grützner;A. Howell;J. Jackson;C. Penney;S. Wimpenny

The strength of earthquake-generating faults

• DOI: 10.1144/jgs2017-037
• 发表时间: 2017-08
• 期刊: Journal of the Geological Society
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: A. Copley

Estimates of fault strength from the Variscan foreland of the northern UK

英国北部瓦里斯坎前陆的断层强度估计

• DOI: 10.17863/cam.1622
• 发表时间: 2016
• 作者: Copley A

The Dzhungarian fault: Late Quaternary tectonics and slip rate of a major right-lateral strike-slip fault in the northern Tien Shan region

准噶尔断层：北天山地区一条主要右旋走滑断层的晚第四纪构造和滑动速率

• DOI: 10.1002/jgrb.50367
• 发表时间: 2013
• 期刊: Solid Earth
• 影响因子: 3.4
• 作者: Campbell G

Nepal at Risk: Interdisciplinary Lessons Learned from the April 2015 Nepal (Gorkha) Earthquake and Future Concerns

尼泊尔面临危险：从 2015 年 4 月尼泊尔（廓尔喀）地震中汲取的跨学科教训和未来担忧

• DOI: 10.1130/gsatg278gw.1
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: GSA Today
• 作者: Catlos E