Enhancement to: "Earthquakes Without Frontiers: a partnership for increasing resilience to seismic hazard in the continents"

增强：“地震无国界：增强大陆地震灾害抵御能力的伙伴关系”

• 批准号: NE/M017559/1
• 负责人: James Jackson
• 金额: $ 3.26万
• 依托单位: University of Cambridge
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FM017559%2F1
• 关键词: Enhancement; Earthquakes; Without; Frontiers; partnership

This proposal is to integrate researchers from India into an existing International Partnership that brings together scientists from countries affected by damaging and potentially catastrophic earthquakes in the Alpine-Himalayan region and central Asia. This Partnership, established through an earlier (and current) NERC-IOF grant and a current NERC-ESRC consortium grant and led by investigators in the NERC-funded COMET+* consortium, will be enhanced and expanded through the participation of India. The Partnership was formed as a response to a series of high-impact earthquakes over the last decade, which emphasized the stark contrast existing today between the effects of earthquakes in rich and developing nations. In terms of human life, the risk is overwhelmingly concentrated in the developing world, and predominantly in continental interiors, with the Alpine-Himalayan region and central Asia being particularly threatened. Many communities and cities in this region are known to be vulnerable because of past earthquakes, but they now have considerably larger exposed populations. A first and essential step in reducing that vulnerability is to improve the level of knowledge and characterization of the hazard concerned; which is far below, for example, California or Japan. That task requires the engagement of scientists in the countries concerned, but would be greatly aided by the expertise available in the international scientific community, even in countries where the local scientific base is already strong.In particular, two geological effects contribute to continental Asia's special vulnerability: (1) Earthquakes in continental interiors typically occur on widely-distributed faults that are poorly known and move relatively infrequently. By comparison, those on plate boundaries adjacent to oceans (such as Japan, Chile) occur on faults that are more localized, better known and move more often. (2) Many human settlements in continental interiors concentrate (and then grow) in locations close to earthquake-generating faults, which control topography, water supply or trade routes.Improving knowledge and understanding of the earthquake hazard is therefore inescapably linked to the first-order scientific question of how continental tectonics works: a cutting-edge priority at the highest level in international science, which also requires the full range of observational, theoretical and technical capabilities now available to the scientific community.The issues involved in addressing earthquake hazard and earthquake science in the Alpine-Himalayan region and central Asia are therefore best tackled by international partnerships of scientists, which can help bring an appropriate mixture of expertise, technology, man-power and training to bear in each area or country. That is the point of the Partnership we aim to enhance here by facilitating the participation of scientists from India.The Partnership functions through meetings, workshops and training activities, including a summer school and exchange visits, principally of young scientists between the UK and participating countries. The principal Project Partners in the original IOF proposal, who also contribute substantially to the costs, are Italy, Kazakhstan and China. Supporting members include Greece, Turkey, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan. It was always the intention that others would join later, and the addition of India proposed here will add one of the most vulnerable countries in the entire Alpine-Himalayan-Asia region. The intention is that the benefits and functioning of the Partnership will continue well beyond the duration of the IOF award.*COMET+ is the Dynamic Earth and Geohazards Group of NERC's National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO): see (http://comet.nerc.ac.uk)

这项提议是将来自印度的科学家整合到一个现有的国际伙伴关系中，该伙伴关系将来自受到阿尔卑斯-喜马拉雅地区和中亚破坏性和潜在灾难性地震影响的国家的科学家聚集在一起。这一伙伴关系是通过早期（和当前）NERC-IOF拨款和当前NERC-ESRC财团拨款建立的，由nerc资助的COMET+*财团的研究人员领导，将通过印度的参与得到加强和扩大。该伙伴关系的成立是为了应对过去十年中发生的一系列高强度地震，它强调了地震在富裕国家和发展中国家造成的影响之间存在的鲜明对比。就人类生命而言，这种风险绝大多数集中在发展中国家，主要是在大陆内部，阿尔卑斯-喜马拉雅地区和中亚受到的威胁尤其严重。众所周知，由于过去的地震，该地区的许多社区和城市都很脆弱，但现在他们有相当多的人口处于危险之中。减少这种脆弱性的第一个重要步骤是提高有关危险的知识水平和特征；这远远低于加州或日本。这项任务需要有关国家的科学家参与，但是国际科学界，甚至在当地科学基础已经很强大的国家，现有的专门知识也会大大帮助这项任务。特别是，两种地质效应造成了亚洲大陆的特别脆弱性：(1)大陆内部的地震通常发生在广泛分布的断层上，这些断层鲜为人知，运动相对较少。相比之下，那些靠近海洋的板块边界（如日本、智利）发生在更局部、更广为人知、更频繁移动的断层上。大陆内部的许多人类住区集中（然后发展）在靠近产生地震的断层的地方，这些断层控制着地形、供水或贸易路线。因此，提高对地震危险的认识和了解不可避免地与大陆构造如何工作的一级科学问题联系在一起：这是国际科学最高一级的一个前沿优先事项，它还需要科学界现在可以获得的全部观测、理论和技术能力。因此，在阿尔卑斯-喜马拉雅地区和中亚处理地震灾害和地震科学所涉及的问题最好由科学家的国际伙伴关系来解决，这种伙伴关系可以帮助在每个地区或国家提供适当的专业知识、技术、人力和培训。这就是我们希望通过促进印度科学家的参与来加强伙伴关系的要点。该伙伴关系通过会议、研讨会和培训活动发挥作用，包括暑期学校和交换访问，主要是英国和参与国之间的年轻科学家。最初IOF提案中的主要项目合作伙伴是意大利、哈萨克斯坦和中国，它们也为成本做出了重大贡献。支持成员国包括希腊、土耳其、伊朗、土库曼斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦和吉尔吉斯斯坦。一直以来的意图是其他国家稍后加入，这里提议的印度的加入将增加整个高山-喜马拉雅-亚洲地区最脆弱的国家之一。其目的是，在IOF授予期间之后，伙伴关系的利益和运作将继续下去。*COMET+是NERC国家地球观测中心（NCEO）的动态地球和地质灾害小组：见（http://comet.nerc.ac.uk）

项目成果

The strength of earthquake-generating faults

• DOI: 10.1144/jgs2017-037
• 发表时间: 2017-08
• 期刊: Journal of the Geological Society
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: A. Copley

Seismic anisotropy and mantle deformation in NW Iran inferred from splitting measurements of SK(K)S and direct S phases

• DOI: 10.1093/gji/ggab181
• 发表时间: 2021-05
• 期刊: Geophysical Journal International
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Shiva Arvin;Farhad Sobouti;K. Priestley;A. Ghods;K. Motaghi;F. Tilmann;T. Eken

High-resolution Lithospheric Structure of the Zagros Collision Zone and Iranian Plateau

扎格罗斯碰撞带和伊朗高原的高分辨率岩石圈结构

• DOI: 10.1002/essoar.10511688.1
• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Ahmadzadeh Irandoust M

Himalayan megathrust geometry and relation to topography revealed by the Gorkha earthquake

• DOI: 10.1038/ngeo2623
• 发表时间: 2016-02-01
• 期刊: NATURE GEOSCIENCE
• 影响因子: 18.3
• 作者: Elliott, J. R.;Jolivet, R.;Stevens, V. L.
• 通讯作者: Stevens, V. L.

Earthquake science and hazard in Central Asia - conference summary

中亚地震科学与灾害 - 会议摘要

• 发表时间: 2016
• 作者: James Jackson