National Study of Ethnic Pluralism and Politics

民族多元化与政治的国家研究

• 批准号: 0419427
• 负责人: James Jackson
• 金额: $ 30万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-07-01 至 2007-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0419427&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: National; Study; Ethnic; Pluralism; Politics

Demographic changes fueled by immigration and differential birth rates are producing major changes in the ethnic and racial composition of the population and eventually in the American electorate. Models of political participation, organizational attachment and social capital, identity, ideological beliefs, and electoral behavior have been developed on samples constituted largely by non-Hispanic whites, and to a lesser degree, African Americans. Over the next several decades of the 21st century, individuals from Asian American, Caribbean American, Latino American, and African American groups will constitute an increasingly substantial share of the population, until mid-century when non-Hispanic whites are projected to comprise a numerical minority of the national population. We believe this is a propitious time to launch a comparative, baseline survey and modest panel follow-up of Americans' political attitudes, beliefs, aspirations, and behaviors; and to begin developing conceptual and empirical models that are appropriate within and across these growing race and ethnic populations. These groups differ greatly in the nature of ethnic and racial identity, political consciousness, and their attachments to American ideological and political institutions. The investigators and advisory panel members bring to the study a long, complimentary, and productive history of empirical political research on these diverse groups. The development of relevant constructs and empirical measures will make a major contribution, not only to the proposed data collections, but also to future local, regional, and national studies on similar topics within and between these complex and heterogeneous ethnic and racial groups. Based upon recently completed, large area probability studies of multiple race and ethnic groups in the continental United States, the proposed telephone surveys of 5,000 Asian, Caribbean, African, non-Hispanic white and Latino American groups will be the first, to our knowledge, nationally representative, explicitly comparative, simultaneous study of all these groups. Using the same constructs, with measures empirically validated to work satisfactorily across these samples, will provide opportunities for the first comparative, empirical analysis of how race and ethnicity influence the political attitudes, behaviors and activism levels across a broad array of groups. The data will permit scholars to explore within and between group differences, thereby increasing our knowledge about how identity, consciousness, ideological beliefs, socio-demographic, and social and economic status factors, influence or structure the political lives of people that differ in ethnic and racial background, immigration and citizenship status, and geographic dispersion; advancing the understanding of the ways in which important aspects of group, self, and social development related to political behavior in adulthood.The existence of these datasets on national samples of diverse American ethnic and racial populations will provide unprecedented opportunities for hypothesis development and testing of empirical relationships. Because the 2004 data collection will be disseminated (ICPSR and the Web) in 2005 and the panel datasets released in 2009, the data will be available very quickly to the larger social science fields, especially political science. This will provide unprecedented opportunities for seasoned and new investigators to test a variety of hypotheses about the relative influence that group and individually based resources have on the political lives of racial and ethnic groups, but rarely tested because of the absence of appropriate, comparative, high quality data. As we have learned from the earliest NBES and Black and Hispanic Politics studies of the 80s and 90s, these data will also be of benefit in the high school, undergraduate and graduate classrooms, and for other educational purposes (workshops, text books, etc.). In addition, the research and training activities accompanying the development of the NBES and related studies had positive influences in the development and training of a large number of academic political scientists now holding prestigious and important positions in the field.This proposed study has the potential of surpassing the accomplishments of these earlier studies because: 1) of its larger scope; 2) it builds on the work of the last two decades; and, 3) the presence of a wider array of interested political scientists across the country that are well-versed in sophisticated survey research methods and quantitative data analyses. When completed, this new study will have important implications for understanding the nature of racial and ethnic minority policy concerns, policy and candidate preferences, party attachments, and methods of increasing political participation, including a wide variety of activities, such as voting, in the American democratic process.

由移民和不同出生率推动的人口结构变化正在导致人口的族裔和种族构成发生重大变化，并最终影响到美国选民。政治参与、组织依恋和社会资本、身份认同、意识形态信仰和选举行为的模型是在主要由非西班牙裔白人组成的样本上开发的，其次是非裔美国人。在21世纪的未来几十年里，亚裔美国人、加勒比裔美国人、拉美裔美国人和非洲裔美国人群体的个人将在人口中占越来越大的比例，直到本世纪中叶，预计非西班牙裔白人将在全国人口中占少数。我们认为，现在是一个有利的时机，可以对美国人的政治态度、信仰、抱负和行为进行比较、基线的调查和适度的小组跟踪，并开始开发适用于这些不断增长的种族和民族人口的概念性和经验性模型。这些群体在民族和种族认同的性质、政治意识以及他们对美国意识形态和政治制度的依恋方面存在很大差异。研究人员和顾问小组成员为这项研究带来了关于这些不同群体的经验性政治研究的长期、互补和富有成效的历史。相关结构和实证措施的发展将对拟议的数据收集作出重大贡献，也将对未来关于这些复杂和不同民族和种族群体内部和之间的类似主题的地方、区域和国家研究做出重大贡献。基于最近完成的对美国大陆多个种族和民族群体的大面积概率研究，拟议中的对5000个亚洲、加勒比、非洲、非西班牙裔白人和拉丁裔美国人群体的电话调查，将是我们所知的第一个具有全国代表性的、明确比较的、同时对所有这些群体的研究。使用同样的结构，以及经过经验验证的测量方法在这些样本中令人满意地发挥作用，将提供机会，首次对种族和族裔如何影响广泛群体的政治态度、行为和激进主义水平进行比较和实证分析。这些数据将允许学者探索群体内部和群体之间的差异，从而增加我们关于身份、意识、意识形态信仰、社会人口和社会经济地位因素如何影响或构建不同种族和种族背景、移民和公民身份以及地理分散的人的政治生活的知识；促进对群体、自我和社会发展的重要方面与成年政治行为相关的方式的理解。这些数据集的存在将为假设开发和经验关系检验提供前所未有的机会。由于2004年的数据收集工作将在2005年分发(国际科学研究中心和万维网)，小组数据集将于2009年发布，这些数据将很快提供给更大的社会科学领域，特别是政治学领域。这将为经验丰富的和新的调查人员提供前所未有的机会，以检验关于群体和基于个人的资源对种族和民族群体的政治生活的相对影响的各种假设，但由于缺乏适当的、可比较的高质量数据，这些假设很少得到检验。正如我们从80年代和90年代最早的NBE以及黑人和西班牙裔政治研究中了解到的那样，这些数据也将在高中、本科生和研究生课堂上受益，并用于其他教育目的(研讨会、教科书等)。此外，随着国家经济研究所及相关研究的发展，研究和培训活动对发展和培训一大批目前在该领域担任有声望和重要职位的学术政治学家产生了积极影响。这项拟议的研究具有超越这些早期研究成果的潜力，因为：1)其范围更广；2)它建立在过去20年工作的基础上；3)全国更多感兴趣的政治学家的存在，他们精通复杂的调查研究方法和定量数据分析。完成后，这项新的研究将对理解种族和少数族裔政策关切的性质、政策和候选人偏好、政党依恋以及增加美国民主进程中包括投票等各种活动的政治参与的方法具有重要影响。