Earthquakes without frontiers: a partnership for increasing resilience to seismic hazard in the continents
地震无国界:增强大陆抗震能力的伙伴关系
基本信息
- 批准号:NE/J019895/1
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 77.39万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:英国
- 项目类别:Research Grant
- 财政年份:2012
- 资助国家:英国
- 起止时间:2012 至 无数据
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Between 2 and 2.5 million people have died in earthquakes since 1900, and approximately two-thirds of those deaths have occurred in the continental interiors, far from the plate boundaries. Over this time interval, advances in the scientific understanding of earthquakes have been translated into impressive resilience in regions where the hazard is well understood (eg California, Chile, and Japan). Here, resilience is defined as the ability of a community to resist, accommodate, or adapt to the effects of an earthquake, to maintain critical basic functions, and to recover after the event. Comparable advances have not, however, taken place in most parts of the continental interiors. Instead, many parts of the continental interiors, and particularly the Alpine-Himalayan belt, have seen a major increase in vulnerability to earthquakes in the last few decades, due to a wide range of social, economic, and governance issues. Increasing resilience to continental earthquakes and their related hazards is therfore an urgent scientific and societal priority. This goal requires a holistic view of earthquakes, and collaboration between physical scientists, social scientists, practitioners, and governments on a scale that has not yet been attempted. Our project knits together three groups with extensive and successful track records in (i) the science of earthquakes and related hazards [COMET+, the Dynamic Earth and Geohazards research group in the National Centre of Earth Observation, and the British Geological Survey Hazards Group] (ii) exploring the social science of resilience to emerging hazards and risks [Institute of Hazard, Risk and Resilience, University of Durham, and associated researchers] and (iii) the use of research to promote evidence-based policy [Overseas Development Institute].First, we shall establish a global partnership between researchers from six UK universities, two UK research centers, and representatives of a wide range of governmental and non-governmental organisations from countries across the Alpine-Himalayan belt. This partnership will be focused on communication and sharing of research needs and knowledge gaps, basic research findings and outputs, and new approaches for building resilience to earthquakes across the region.This partnership will carry out coupled physical- and social-science research in three case-study areas (China, central Asia, and the Himalayan front). Our understanding of earthquake occurrence across this large region is currently too poor to provide detailed estimates of likely earthquake probabilities and effects at the sub-national scales needed by communities - let alone to provide forecasts of earthquake occurrence. One component of the project involves research into the locations of active faults across the region, the rates at which they are currently deforming, and the ground shaking that they are likely to produce. This basic physical science research, which will also include the effects of secondary hazards such as landsliding, will provide baseline scenarios about the hazards in forms that are meaningful for, and usable by, the communities at risk.At the same time, we shall map and identify the societal factors that help or hinder the creation of resilience to those physical hazards. This holistic approach to resilience will include investigation of cultural practices and adaptations, economic considerations, social mechanisms, and the role that governance at all scales plays in determining how resilience communities are to earthquakes.The overall framework of this project, provided by the ODI's RAPID methodology, will allow us to draw upon the expertise of the partner organisations, and the research findings outlined above, to generate a set of evidence-based toolkits and policy recommendations that together will define the pathways by which resilience to earthquakes can best be increased, both in the case-study areas and across the entire partnership.
自1900年以来,有200万至250万人死于地震,其中约三分之二发生在远离板块边界的大陆内部。在这段时间里,对地震的科学认识的进步已经转化为对灾害有充分了解的地区(如加州、智利和日本)令人印象深刻的恢复能力。在这里,复原力被定义为一个社区抵抗、适应或适应地震影响的能力,维持关键基本功能的能力,以及灾后恢复的能力。然而,在大陆内部的大部分地区,却没有取得类似的进展。相反,由于广泛的社会、经济和治理问题,大陆内部的许多地区,特别是阿尔卑斯-喜马拉雅带,在过去几十年中对地震的脆弱性大大增加。因此,提高对大陆地震及其相关灾害的复原力是一项紧迫的科学和社会优先事项。这一目标需要对地震有一个全面的认识,需要物理科学家、社会科学家、从业者和政府之间进行合作,这种合作的规模还没有尝试过。我们的项目将三个在以下方面具有广泛和成功记录的小组结合在一起:(i)地震和相关灾害科学[COMET+,国家地球观测中心的动态地球和地质灾害研究小组,以及英国地质调查局灾害小组](ii)探索对新出现的灾害和风险的复原力的社会科学[达勒姆大学灾害、风险和复原力研究所,第一,我们将在来自六所英国大学、两个英国研究中心的研究人员以及来自阿尔卑斯-喜马拉雅山脉一带国家的广泛的政府和非政府组织的代表之间建立全球伙伴关系。这一伙伴关系将侧重于交流和分享研究需求和知识差距、基础研究成果和产出,以及在整个地区建立地震抗灾能力的新方法,这一伙伴关系将在三个案例研究领域(中国、中亚和喜马拉雅前线)开展物理科学和社会科学研究。目前,我们对这一大片地区地震发生的了解太少,无法提供社区所需的次国家规模的可能地震概率和影响的详细估计,更不用说提供地震发生的预测了。该项目的一个组成部分涉及研究整个地区的活动断层的位置,它们目前变形的速度以及它们可能产生的地面震动。这一基础自然科学研究还将包括滑坡等次生灾害的影响,将以对风险社区有意义和可用的形式提供有关灾害的基线情景。与此同时,我们将绘制并确定有助于或阻碍建立对这些自然灾害的恢复能力的社会因素。这个整体的复原方法将包括调查文化习俗和适应性、经济因素、社会机制,以及各级政府在确定社区对地震的复原力方面所起的作用。这个项目的总体框架由ODI的RAPID方法提供,将使我们能够利用合作伙伴组织的专业知识和上述研究结果,生成一套基于证据的工具包和政策建议,这些工具包和政策建议将共同定义在案例研究领域和整个合作伙伴关系中最好地提高地震复原力的途径。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(10)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
The strength of earthquake-generating faults
- DOI:10.1144/jgs2017-037
- 发表时间:2017-08
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:2.7
- 作者:A. Copley
- 通讯作者:A. Copley
Seismic anisotropy and mantle deformation in NW Iran inferred from splitting measurements of SK(K)S and direct S phases
- DOI:10.1093/gji/ggab181
- 发表时间:2021-05
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:2.8
- 作者:Shiva Arvin;Farhad Sobouti;K. Priestley;A. Ghods;K. Motaghi;F. Tilmann;T. Eken
- 通讯作者:Shiva Arvin;Farhad Sobouti;K. Priestley;A. Ghods;K. Motaghi;F. Tilmann;T. Eken
High-resolution Lithospheric Structure of the Zagros Collision Zone and Iranian Plateau
扎格罗斯碰撞带和伊朗高原的高分辨率岩石圈结构
- DOI:10.1002/essoar.10511688.1
- 发表时间:2022
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:Ahmadzadeh Irandoust M
- 通讯作者:Ahmadzadeh Irandoust M
The Dzhungarian fault: Late Quaternary tectonics and slip rate of a major right-lateral strike-slip fault in the northern Tien Shan region
准噶尔断层:北天山地区一条主要右旋走滑断层的晚第四纪构造和滑动速率
- DOI:10.1002/jgrb.50367
- 发表时间:2013
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:3.4
- 作者:Campbell G
- 通讯作者:Campbell G
Nepal at Risk: Interdisciplinary Lessons Learned from the April 2015 Nepal (Gorkha) Earthquake and Future Concerns
尼泊尔面临危险:从 2015 年 4 月尼泊尔(廓尔喀)地震中汲取的跨学科教训和未来担忧
- DOI:10.1130/gsatg278gw.1
- 发表时间:2016
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:Catlos E
- 通讯作者:Catlos E
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James Jackson其他文献
The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS)
美国外国投资委员会 (CFIUS)
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2016 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
James Jackson - 通讯作者:
James Jackson
2020 6th Information Technology International Seminar (ITIS)
2020第六届信息技术国际研讨会(ITIS)
- DOI:
10.1109/itis50118.2020 - 发表时间:
2020 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
J. Whitehead;James Jackson;A. Balch;B. Francis - 通讯作者:
B. Francis
How the Perceived Identity of a NPC Companion Influences Player Behavior
NPC 同伴的认知身份如何影响玩家行为
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2016 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
C. Headleand;James Jackson;Benjamin Williams;L. Priday;W. Teahan;L. A. Cenydd - 通讯作者:
L. A. Cenydd
Tricks and Treats: Designing Technology to Support Mobility Assistance Dogs
捣蛋:设计支持行动辅助犬的技术
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2020 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
Charlotte L. Robinson;Émeline Brulé;James Jackson;Alice Torjussen;Joshua T. Kybett;Tom Appshaw - 通讯作者:
Tom Appshaw
Cell membrane fatty acid composition differs between normal and malignant cell lines.
正常细胞系和恶性细胞系的细胞膜脂肪酸组成不同。
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2004 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0.5
- 作者:
Xialong Meng;N. Riordan;H. Riordan;N. Mikirova;James Jackson;Michael J. González;J. Miranda;E. Mora;Waleska Trinidad Castillo - 通讯作者:
Waleska Trinidad Castillo
James Jackson的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('James Jackson', 18)}}的其他基金
Driving climate breakdown: The politics of the electric vehicle transition in the UK and Germany
推动气候崩溃:英国和德国电动汽车转型的政治
- 批准号:
ES/Y007506/1 - 财政年份:2023
- 资助金额:
$ 77.39万 - 项目类别:
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Radio Survey for Ammonia in the Mid-Plane of the Milky Way Galaxy
银河系中面的氨射电巡天
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1616635 - 财政年份:2016
- 资助金额:
$ 77.39万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Enhancement to: "Earthquakes Without Frontiers: a partnership for increasing resilience to seismic hazard in the continents"
增强:“地震无国界:增强大陆地震灾害抵御能力的伙伴关系”
- 批准号:
NE/M017559/1 - 财政年份:2015
- 资助金额:
$ 77.39万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
Looking inside the Continents from Space: Insights into Earthquake Hazard and Crustal Deformation
从太空看大陆内部:深入了解地震危害和地壳变形
- 批准号:
NE/K011014/1 - 财政年份:2013
- 资助金额:
$ 77.39万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
Malt 90: A Molecular Multi-Line Survey of High-Mass Star-Forming Cores
Malt 90:高质量恒星形成核心的分子多线调查
- 批准号:
1211844 - 财政年份:2012
- 资助金额:
$ 77.39万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
International Partnership for Collaboration and Training in Earthquake Hazard Assessment and Mitigation in the Alpine-Himalayan Belt and Central Asia
阿尔卑斯-喜马拉雅带和中亚地震灾害评估与减灾国际合作与培训伙伴关系
- 批准号:
NE/J016322/1 - 财政年份:2012
- 资助金额:
$ 77.39万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
Release and Analysis of the Galactic Ring Survey
银河环调查的发布和分析
- 批准号:
0507657 - 财政年份:2005
- 资助金额:
$ 77.39万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
National Study of Ethnic Pluralism and Politics
民族多元化与政治的国家研究
- 批准号:
0419427 - 财政年份:2004
- 资助金额:
$ 77.39万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
AIRO: The Antarctic Infrared Observatory
AIRO:南极红外观测站
- 批准号:
0236551 - 财政年份:2003
- 资助金额:
$ 77.39万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
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