From the North Sea to the Arctic Ocean: The impact of temperature on eukaryotic phytoplankton

从北海到北冰洋：温度对真核浮游植物的影响

• 批准号: NE/K004530/1
• 负责人: Thomas Mock
• 金额: $ 44.36万
• 依托单位: University of East Anglia
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FK004530%2F1
• 关键词: North; Sea; Arctic; Ocean; impact

Building directly on our preliminary unpublished data and a funded sequencing grant (Joint Genome Institute, US) that will substantially support this project, we will combine environmental metagenomics (genomes from a community of organisms) and metatranscriptomics (expressed genes from a community of organisms) with targeted functional molecular genetics and biogeochemical studies to provide first evidence that temperature in the surface ocean has a significant impact on eukaryotic marine phytoplankton (microalgae) community structure and metabolism. Marine phytoplankton (microalgae and cyanobacteria) contribute about 50% of global carbon production and so have significant impact on biogeochemical cycling of elements and therefore climate. Despite the significance of temperature for evolution, metabolism and biogeochemical cycles in the ocean, the exact impact on natural eukaryotic phytoplankton communities is still subject to much debate but is of significant importance to predict the outcome of global warming for some of the most important primary producers on earth. However, our preliminary unpublished data based on eukaryotic marine phytoplankton metatranscriptomes obtained from 1) North Pacific, 2) Central Equatorial Pacific, 3) Southern Ocean, 4) North Atlantic, and 5) the Arctic Ocean give first evidence that temperature is at least as important as nutrients and light for community structure and metabolism of marine microalgae in the global surface ocean. Especially diatom and dinoflagellate metabolism based on expressed genes across the 5 investigated marine habitats shows a high correlation with temperature and much less so with any of the measured nutrients. Translation of mRNA into proteins seems to be the most temperature dependent process in marine microalgae, indicated by a negative correlation between temperature and the abundance of ribosomal transcripts. Protein synthesis accounts for a remarkable ca. 75% of the cells total energy budget and ribosome content can be as high as 25% of total proteins in a cell. Thus, temperature might have a significant impact on the abundance of ribosomal proteins and maybe also on the total protein content in marine microalgae with consequences for marine food-webs and biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nitrogen in different latitudinal temperature zones of the surface ocean. For this research project, we have targeted one of the most temperature sensitive regions of the ocean: North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean. It is expected that many Arctic phytoplankton species won't be able to adapt to warming because the predicted environmental changes will occur on a time scale too fast for evolutionary processes to react. Thus, it is more likely that species that are well adapted to the low-temperature Arctic environment will be replaced by intruders from lower-latitude geographic areas outside the Arctic Circle, a process that already is underway. Thus, we are going to sample natural phytoplankton communities for metagenomics and metatranscriptomics on a transect from the southern North Sea to the high Arctic Ocean to investigate differences in community composition and metabolism of potential intruder communities from the North Atlantic in comparison to polar communities of the Arctic Ocean. We will also investigate whether increasing ribosomal transcripts under lower temperatures result in higher concentrations of ribosomal proteins in North Atlantic and Arctic diatom and dinoflagellate species by using antibodies and Western Blots. Potential consequences for biogeochemical cycling will be investigated by measuring cellular protein concentrations and particulate organic carbon and nitrogen under different temperatures in the selected microalgal species and natural communities sampled for sequencing. This project will provide first insights into how temperature changes will impact North Atlantic and Arctic marine microalgal community composition and metabolism.

直接基于我们初步未发表的数据和将大力支持该项目的测序资助（美国联合基因组研究所），我们将把环境宏基因组学（来自生物群落的基因组）和宏转录组学（来自生物群落的表达基因）与有针对性的功能分子遗传学和生物地球化学研究结合起来，以提供第一个证据，证明表层海洋温度对 真核海洋浮游植物（微藻）群落结构和代谢。海洋浮游植物（微藻和蓝细菌）约占全球碳产量的 50%，因此对元素的生物地球化学循环乃至气候具有重大影响。尽管温度对于海洋中的进化、新陈代谢和生物地球化学循环具有重要意义，但对天然真核浮游植物群落的确切影响仍然存在很多争议，但对于预测地球上一些最重要的初级生产者的全球变暖结果具有重要意义。然而，我们基于从 1) 北太平洋、2) 中赤道太平洋、3) 南大洋、4) 北大西洋和 5) 北冰洋获得的真核海洋浮游植物元转录组的初步未发表数据首次证明，对于全球表层海洋微藻的群落结构和代谢，温度至少与营养物和光一样重要。特别是基于 5 个调查海洋栖息地的表达基因的硅藻和甲藻代谢显示出与温度的高度相关性，而与任何测量的营养物质的相关性则更差。 mRNA 翻译成蛋白质似乎是海洋微藻中最依赖温度的过程，温度与核糖体转录物丰度之间的负相关表明。蛋白质合成占显着的约。细胞总能量预算的 75%，核糖体含量可高达细胞总蛋白质的 25%。因此，温度可能对核糖体蛋白的丰度产生重大影响，也可能对海洋微藻的总蛋白含量产生重大影响，从而对海洋表面不同纬度温度区的海洋食物网和碳和氮的生物地球化学循环产生影响。在这个研究项目中，我们瞄准了海洋中对温度最敏感的区域之一：北大西洋和北冰洋。预计许多北极浮游植物物种将无法适应变暖，因为预测的环境变化发生的时间尺度太快，进化过程无法做出反应。因此，适应北极低温环境的物种更有可能被来自北极圈以外低纬度地理区域的入侵者所取代，这一过程已经在进行中。因此，我们将对从北海南部到北冰洋高地的横断面的天然浮游植物群落进行宏基因组学和宏转录组学采样，以研究来自北大西洋的潜在入侵者群落与北冰洋极地群落相比在群落组成和代谢方面的差异。我们还将通过使用抗体和蛋白质印迹研究在较低温度下增加核糖体转录是否会导致北大西洋和北极硅藻和甲藻物种中核糖体蛋白的浓度升高。将通过测量不同温度下选定的微藻物种和采样测序的自然群落的细胞蛋白质浓度以及颗粒有机碳和氮来研究生物地球化学循环的潜在后果。该项目将首次深入了解温度变化将如何影响北大西洋和北极海洋微藻群落的组成和新陈代谢。

项目成果

A novel cost effective and high-throughput isolation and identification method for marine microalgae.

• DOI: 10.1186/1746-4811-10-26
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: Plant methods
• 影响因子: 5.1
• 作者: Jahn MT;Schmidt K;Mock T
• 通讯作者: Mock T

The biogeographic differentiation of algal microbiomes in the upper ocean from pole to pole.

• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25646-9
• 发表时间: 2021-09-16
• 期刊: Nature communications
• 影响因子: 16.6
• 作者: Martin K;Schmidt K;Toseland A;Boulton CA;Barry K;Beszteri B;Brussaard CPD;Clum A;Daum CG;Eloe-Fadrosh E;Fong A;Foster B;Foster B;Ginzburg M;Huntemann M;Ivanova NN;Kyrpides NC;Lindquist E;Mukherjee S;Palaniappan K;Reddy TBK;Rizkallah MR;Roux S;Timmermans K;Tringe SG;van de Poll WH;Varghese N;Valentin KU;Lenton TM;Grigoriev IV;Leggett RM;Moulton V;Mock T
• 通讯作者: Mock T

A role for the cell-wall protein silacidin in cell size of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana.

• DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2017.100
• 发表时间: 2017-11
• 期刊: The ISME journal
• 作者: Kirkham AR;Richthammer P;Schmidt K;Wustmann M;Maeda Y;Hedrich R;Brunner E;Tanaka T;van Pée KH;Falciatore A;Mock T
• 通讯作者: Mock T

Evolutionary genomics of the cold-adapted diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus

• DOI: 10.1038/nature20803
• 发表时间: 2017-01-26
• 期刊: NATURE
• 影响因子: 64.8
• 作者: Mock, Thomas;Otillar, Robert P.;Grigoriev, Igor V.
• 通讯作者: Grigoriev, Igor V.

Diatoms and Their Microbiomes in Complex and Changing Polar Oceans.

• DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.786764
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Frontiers in microbiology
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Gilbertson R;Langan E;Mock T
• 通讯作者: Mock T