Sustainable poverty alleviation from coastal ecosystem services (SPACES): Investigating elasticities, feedbacks and tradeoffs

沿海生态系统服务可持续扶贫（SPACES）：调查弹性、反馈和权衡

• 批准号: NE/K01045X/1
• 负责人: Katrina Brown
• 金额: $ 91.93万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FK01045X%2F1
• 关键词: Sustainable; poverty; alleviation; coastal; ecosystem

This project aims to better understand the links between ecosystem services (ES) and wellbeing in order to design and implement more effective interventions for poverty alleviation. We do this in the context of coastal, social-ecological systems in two poor African countries; Kenya and Mozambique.Despite recent policy and scientific interest in ES, there remain important knowledge gaps regarding how ecosystems actually contribute to wellbeing, and thus poverty alleviation. Following the ESPA framework, distinguishing ecological processes, 'final ES', 'capital inputs', 'goods' and 'values', this project is concerned with how these elements are interrelated to produce ES benefits, and focuses specifically on how these benefits are distributed to (potentially) benefit the poor, enhancing their wellbeing. We thus address the ESPA goal of understanding and promoting ways in which benefits to the poorest can be increased and more people can meet their basic needs, but we also identify conflicted tradeoffs, i.e. those which result in serious harm to either the ecosystem or poor people and which need urgent attention.Several fundamental questions are currently debated in international scientific and policy fora, relating to four major global trends which are likely to affect abilities of poor people to access ES benefits: (1) devolution of governance power and its impacts on local governance of ecosystems and production of ES, (2) unprecedented rates and scales of environmental change, particularly climate change, which are creating new vulnerabilities, opportunities and constraints, 'shifting baselines', and demanding radical changes in behaviour to cope, (3) market integration now reaches the most remote corners of the developing world, changing relationships between people and resources and motivations for natural resource management, (4) societal changes, including demographic, population, urbanisation and globalisation of culture, forge new relationships with ES and further decouple people from direct dependency on particular resources. Study sites have been chosen so as to gather empirical evidence to help answer key questions about how these four drivers of change affect abilities of poor people to benefit from ES.We aim for direct impact on the wellbeing of poor inhabitants of the rapidly transforming coastal areas in Mozambique and Kenya, where research will take place, while also providing indirect impact to coastal poor in other developing countries through our international impact strategy. Benefits from research findings will also accrue to multiple stakeholders at various levels. Local government, NGOs and civil society groups - through engagement with project activities, e.g. participation in workshops and exposure to new types of analysis and systems thinking.Donor organizations and development agencies - through research providing evidence to inform strategies to support sector development (e.g. fisheries, coastal planning and tourism development) and methods to understand and evaluate impacts of different development interventions - e.g. through tradeoff analysis and evaluation of the elasticities between ecosystem services and wellbeing.International scientific community - through dissemination of findings via conferences, scientific publications (open access), and from conceptual and theoretical development and new understandings of the multiple linkages between ecosystem services and wellbeing. Regional African scientists will benefit specifically through open courses offered within the scope of the project, and through dissemination of results at regional venues.Our strategies to deliver impact and benefits include (1) identifying 'windows of opportunity' within the context of ongoing coastal development processes to improve flows of benefits from ecosystems services to poor people, and (2) identifying and seeking to actively mitigate 'conflicted' tradeoffs in Kenya and Mozambique.

该项目旨在更好地了解生态系统服务与福祉之间的联系，以便设计和实施更有效的减贫干预措施。我们以两个贫穷的非洲国家的沿海社会生态系统为背景；肯尼亚和莫桑比克。尽管最近在政策和科学方面对生态系统产生了兴趣，但关于生态系统如何真正促进福祉，从而减轻贫困，仍然存在重要的知识空白。遵循ESPA框架，区分生态过程，“最终的ES”，“资本投入”，“商品”和“价值”，该项目关注这些要素如何相互关联以产生ES效益，并特别关注如何分配这些效益以（潜在地）造福穷人，提高他们的福祉。因此，我们解决了《ESPA》的目标，即了解和促进如何增加对最贫困人口的福利，使更多的人能够满足其基本需求，但我们也确定了相互冲突的权衡，即那些对生态系统或穷人造成严重损害并需要紧急关注的权衡。国际科学和政策论坛目前正在讨论几个基本问题，涉及可能影响穷人获得可持续发展福利能力的四个主要全球趋势：(1)治理权力的下放及其对地方生态系统治理和ES生产的影响；(2)前所未有的环境变化速度和规模，特别是气候变化，正在产生新的脆弱性、机会和制约因素，“转移基线”，并要求人们彻底改变行为以应对；(3)市场一体化现在已经到达发展中国家最偏远的角落；(4)社会变化，包括人口、人口、城市化和文化全球化，与生态系统建立了新的关系，并进一步使人们摆脱对特定资源的直接依赖。选择研究地点是为了收集经验证据，以帮助回答有关这四个变化驱动因素如何影响穷人从社会服务中受益的能力的关键问题。我们的目标是对莫桑比克和肯尼亚快速转型的沿海地区贫困居民的福祉产生直接影响，同时通过我们的国际影响战略，对其他发展中国家的沿海贫困人口产生间接影响。研究成果也将惠及不同层次的多个利益攸关方。地方政府、非政府组织和民间社会团体——通过参与项目活动，例如参加讲习班和接触新型分析和系统思维。捐助组织和发展机构——通过研究提供证据，为支持部门发展（如渔业、沿海规划和旅游业发展）的战略提供信息，并为理解和评估不同发展干预措施的影响提供方法——例如，通过权衡分析和评估生态系统服务与福祉之间的弹性。国际科学界——通过会议、科学出版物（开放获取）、概念和理论发展以及对生态系统服务与福祉之间多重联系的新理解传播研究结果。非洲区域的科学家将通过在项目范围内提供的公开课程以及通过在区域场所传播成果而具体受益。我们提供影响和利益的战略包括：(1)在正在进行的沿海发展进程中确定“机会之窗”，以改善生态系统服务对穷人的利益流动；(2)确定并寻求积极缓解肯尼亚和莫桑比克的“冲突”权衡。

项目成果

Incorporating basic needs to reconcile poverty and ecosystem services.

• DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13209
• 发表时间: 2019-06
• 期刊: Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology
• 作者: Chaigneau T;Coulthard S;Brown K;Daw TM;Schulte-Herbrüggen B
• 通讯作者: Schulte-Herbrüggen B

The Gendered Nature of Ecosystem Services

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2018.12.018
• 发表时间: 2019-05-01
• 期刊: ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS
• 影响因子: 7
• 作者: Fortnam, M.;Brown, K.;Schulte-Herbruggen, B.
• 通讯作者: Schulte-Herbruggen, B.

Elasticity in ecosystem services: exploring the variable relationship between ecosystems and human well-being

• DOI: 10.5751/es-08173-210211
• 发表时间: 2016-01-01
• 期刊: ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY
• 影响因子: 4.1
• 作者: Daw, Tim M.;Hicks, Christina C.;McClanahan, Tim R.
• 通讯作者: McClanahan, Tim R.

Drivers and predictions of coral reef carbonate budget trajectories.

• DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.2533
• 发表时间: 2017-01-25
• 期刊: Proceedings. Biological sciences
• 作者: Januchowski-Hartley FA;Graham NA;Wilson SK;Jennings S;Perry CT
• 通讯作者: Perry CT