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Can metabolic traits limit species invasions under climate change?

代谢特征能否限制气候变化下的物种入侵？

基本信息

批准号：
NE/M004740/1
负责人：
Samraat Pawar
金额：
$ 70.26万
依托单位：
Imperial College London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2015 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FM004740%2F1
关键词：
metabolic traits limit species invasions

项目摘要

Invasive species are currently considered second only to habitat loss as a cause of rapid and undesirable changes in the functioning of ecosystems worldwide. In the United Kingdom alone, the annual cost of invasive species is estimated to be ~£1.7 billion. In this context, major cause for concern is that human-mediated species translocations and global warming are both causing rapid shifts in species' ranges and phonologies at an escalating rate. For example, a Pacific diatom Neodenticula seminae was documented into the North Atlantic for the first time in 800,000 years due to climate-driven melting of the Arctic ice cap and changes in ocean circulation. Such abrupt introductions can result in novel interactions (e.g., predator-prey or resource competition), which then have the potential to result in disruptive invasions of non-native species into local communities. In this project, we will meet the challenge of developing a general framework for predicting invasion success by building the first-ever global database on the temperature dependence of metabolic (physiological) traits relevant to species invasions through interactions, use these data to develop and parameterize a novel theoretical framework, and test some key predictions of this theory using laboratory experiments with a globally important functional group, the Phytoplankton (photosynthetic unicellular marine and freshwater algae and bacteria). Phytoplankton form the base of form the base of most aquatic food webs and contribute over half of global primary production. We will address three core questions: (1) How will mismatches in how metabolic traits (e.g., respiration and photosynthesis rate) of natives and non-native species respond to temperature change affect invasions? This question is important because new species often arrive with the physiological "baggage" of the environment they originated in, and therefore may be poorly adapted to their new environment (at least initially).(2) Does the rate and magnitude of thermal acclimation (defined as phenotypic changes in thermal-response with change in environmental temperature) in a non-native species to its new environment influence its invasion success? This question is important because many species can overcome the initial disadvantage of a novel environment by rapidly adjusting the way their metabolism responds to temperature. (3) Are natural temperature cycles important determinants of invasion success? This question is important because species invasions, especially in temperate regions, take place in climates that change cyclically at daily (say-night cycles) and seasonal (e.g., winter-summer) scales. Therefore, a non-native species that arrives, say, in winter, may have a lesser chance of invading successfully than if it arrived in summer. Overall, this study will fill a major gap in our understanding of the importance of metabolic constraints on species interactions for species invasions. We expect our results to form a new and robust foundation for predicting species invasions in natural as well as human-dominated environments. Our global database on metabolic traits will be a valuable, long-term resource for mapping metabolic traits onto potentially invasive species, and also for parameterizing ongoing efforts to model the effects of climate change on ecosystem services, including the carbon cycle.

入侵物种目前被认为是仅次于栖息地丧失的第二大物种，是全世界生态系统功能迅速和不良变化的原因。仅在英国，入侵物种的年成本估计就达17亿GB。在此背景下，令人担忧的主要原因是，人类介导的物种易位和全球变暖都在以不断升级的速度导致物种范围和音系的快速变化。例如，由于气候驱动的北极冰盖融化和海洋环流的变化，80万年来首次记录到北大西洋有太平洋硅藻新孔菌的存在。这种突然的引入可能导致新的相互作用(例如，捕食者-猎物或资源竞争)，然后有可能导致非本地物种对当地社区的破坏性入侵。在这个项目中，我们将迎接挑战，通过建立第一个关于通过相互作用与物种入侵相关的代谢(生理)特征的温度相关性的全球数据库，来开发一个预测入侵成功的通用框架，使用这些数据来开发一个新的理论框架并将其参数化，并通过对全球重要的功能群浮游植物(光合单细胞海洋和淡水藻类和细菌)的实验室实验来测试该理论的一些关键预测。浮游植物构成了大多数水生食物网的基础，并贡献了全球一半以上的初级生产量。我们将解决三个核心问题：(1)本地和非本地物种的代谢特征(例如，呼吸和光合作用速率)如何对温度变化做出反应的不匹配将如何影响入侵？这个问题很重要，因为新物种往往带着它们起源的环境的生理“包袱”来到这里，因此可能不太适应他们的新环境(至少最初是这样)。(2)非本地物种对新环境的热适应的速度和程度(定义为随着环境温度的变化而产生的热反应的表型变化)是否影响其入侵成功？这个问题很重要，因为许多物种可以通过快速调整他们的新陈代谢对温度的反应方式来克服新环境的初始劣势。(3)自然温度循环是入侵成功的重要决定因素吗？这个问题很重要，因为物种入侵，特别是在温带地区，发生在每日(比方说夜间周期)和季节性(例如冬季-夏季)尺度上周期性变化的气候中。因此，比方说，在冬天到达的非本土物种，可能比在夏天到达的物种成功入侵的机会更小。总体而言，这项研究将填补我们对代谢限制在物种相互作用对物种入侵的重要性的理解方面的一个重大空白。我们希望我们的结果为预测自然和人类主导环境中的物种入侵奠定新的、强有力的基础。我们的全球代谢特征数据库将是一个宝贵的长期资源，可以将代谢特征映射到潜在的入侵物种上，也可以对正在进行的气候变化对生态系统服务(包括碳循环)的影响进行建模的努力进行参数化。