Measuring plant available phosphorus to increase crop yields and minimise nutrient leaching

测量植物有效磷以提高作物产量并最大程度地减少养分流失

• 批准号: NE/M016919/1
• 负责人: Hao Zhang
• 金额: $ 30.4万
• 依托单位: Lancaster University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FM016919%2F1
• 关键词: Measuring; plant; available; phosphorus; increase

Phosphorus is a key nutrient for plants and needs to be added as fertiliser to facilitate efficient and economic production of agricultural crops. There is no general soil test which can reliably predict how much fertiliser should be added for optimal crop growth. If too much is added it is costly and phosphate can leak into lakes and rivers, causing severe pollution problems known as eutrophication. If too little is added crop yields are poor and uneconomic. The situation is critical because world reserves of usable phosphorus are limited. Liming soils, which generally benefits acidic soils by improving nutrient availability to plants may further complicate the phosphate problem by locking up part of the phosphate so that it cannot be used by plants. A new analytical technique called DGT, which mimics the way that phosphorus in the soil interacts with the plant, provides a good prediction of how much phosphate fertiliser should be added for optimal plant growth. The phosphorus accumulated by DGT during the placement of the DGT device in the soil has until now been measured in the laboratory using conventional procedures, but a new handheld XRF device that can provide an instant readout has become available. This project will first establish that DGT with analysis by portable XRF can used to measure the phosphorus in soils that is available to plants. It will compare the new measurement with established chemical tests and investigate how well it can be used to predict fertiliser requirements for two crop types (a brassica crop and a legume) grown in a range of soils. In a set of experiments where soils are limed, the new method will be used to advance understanding of how liming affects phosphorus availability to plants and of how liming is likely to affect the release of phosphorus to water bodies (due to leaching from the crop rootzone). This work will inform strategies for applying phosphate fertiliser and lime and provide a basis for providing farmers with a fairly rapid and, more importantly, reliable tool for assessing fertiliser requirements. The outcome of the work will provide clear economic benefits to farmers. Environmental gains stemming from reduced loss of phosphorus from agricultural soils into watercourses will benefit the general public and government agencies concerned with the environment, and in some cases water companies by limiting the costs of removing P from drinking water.

磷是植物的一种关键营养物质，需要作为肥料添加，以促进农作物的高效和经济生产。没有通用的土壤测试可以可靠地预测为了作物的最佳生长应该添加多少化肥。如果添加太多，成本很高，磷酸盐可能会泄漏到湖泊和河流中，导致严重的污染问题，即所谓的富营养化。如果增加的太少，作物产量就会很差，而且不经济。这种情况很关键，因为世界可用磷储量有限。石灰化土壤通常通过改善植物的养分有效性而有利于酸性土壤，但由于锁定了部分磷酸盐，使其不能被植物利用，可能会使磷酸盐问题进一步复杂化。一种名为DGT的新分析技术模拟了土壤中磷与植物相互作用的方式，为植物的最佳生长提供了一个很好的预测应该添加多少磷肥。到目前为止，DGT在土壤中放置DGT设备期间积累的磷是使用常规程序在实验室中测量的，但一种新的能够提供即时读数的手持XRF设备已经出现。该项目将首先确定便携式XRF分析的DGT可以用于测量植物可利用的土壤中的磷。它将把新的测量方法与现有的化学测试进行比较，并调查它在多大程度上可以用来预测种植在一系列土壤中的两种作物(甘蓝作物和豆类作物)的肥料需求。在对土壤施石灰的一系列实验中，这种新方法将被用来促进对石灰如何影响植物磷有效性的理解，以及石灰可能如何影响磷向水体的释放(由于作物根区的淋洗)。这项工作将为使用磷肥和石灰的战略提供依据，并为农民提供相当快速、更重要的可靠工具来评估化肥需求。这项工作的成果将为农民带来明显的经济效益。从农业土壤到水道的磷流失减少所带来的环境收益将使公众和关注环境的政府机构受益，在某些情况下，自来水公司将通过限制从饮用水中去除磷的成本而受益。

项目成果

Use of diffusive gradients in thin-films for studies of chemical speciation and bioavailability

• DOI: 10.1071/en14105
• 发表时间: 2015-01-01
• 期刊: ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY
• 影响因子: 4.3
• 作者: Zhang, Hao;Davison, William
• 通讯作者: Davison, William