Does physiological innovation change the fundamental relationships between growth and survival?
生理创新是否改变了生长与生存之间的基本关系?
基本信息
- 批准号:NE/N003152/1
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 76.37万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:英国
- 项目类别:Research Grant
- 财政年份:2016
- 资助国家:英国
- 起止时间:2016 至 无数据
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
"Live fast, die young" famously describes the wild excesses of rock stars and Hollywood actors, but also encapsulates an important biological principle. Animals and plants that grow and reproduce quickly are more likely to be killed by natural enemies or environmental extremes. We usually explain this biological trade-off in terms of energy: more energy spent on growth means less energy invested in defence against enemies, the capture of essential resources, or into stores for surviving adverse conditions. A logical extension of this explanation is that, if the same growth could be achieved using less energy, more would be available for defence, resource capture and storage, thereby increasing survival. However, this prediction remains untested, despite its central importance for biology.The evolution of C4 photosynthesis in more than seventy plant lineages has increased the efficiency of photosynthetic energy conversion at high light and hot temperatures, in comparison with the ancestral C3 type of photosynthesis. To understand how this increase in photosynthetic efficiency influences growth, we have developed an experimental approach capable of comparing growth among hundreds of plant species in the same environmental conditions. We have discovered that, as well as a direct physiological effect of C4 photosynthesis in promoting faster growth, C4 leaves are unexpectedly less dense than C3 ones, further increasing growth efficiency. This allows C4 plants to be larger, with more growth invested in roots, which leads us to hypothesize that they may be able to accumulate greater storage, and have better access to water during drought than their C3 counterparts. Together, these hypothesized effects are expected to increase plant survival following repeated defoliation and drought events. If supported by experimental evidence, these ecological differences between C3 and C4 plants would have important global scale implications for the responses of plant communities to environmental change and land management.We propose to test these hypothesis using three large comparative experiments, capitalizing on our recent advances in developing high-throughput experimental screening methods. We are able to measure growth, allocation to roots verses shoots, storage and survival on thousands of plants in the same experimental set-up, and have developed novel statistical methods to analyze the large resultant datasets. We are also the first group to successfully apply metabolomic methods to identify and quantify storage compounds across multiple wild plant species. Our strategy for the proposed work will be to combine these approaches, investigating survival of experimentally imposed drought or repeated defoliation in seventy ecologically important grass species, representing seven independent evolutionary origins of C4 photosynthesis and their C3 sister taxa. Alternative hypothesized survival mechanisms will be tested by using plants of different ages to manipulate size. Since C4 photosynthesis also has a direct physiological effect on plant water use, by reducing stomatal aperture, we will make detailed measurements of plant hydraulics during the drought experiment. Findings from the three experiments will allow us to test the relative importance to survival of greater storage, deeper rooting, lower plant water use, and greater plant size in C4 then C4 species, and to gain a holistic understanding of the system. The work will enhance our mechanistic understanding of how a major physiological innovation changed growth-survival relationships and enabled plants to explore new phenotypic space. Throughout the project, we will work with mathematical modelers to ensure that the experiments will generate data that are useful for developing improved models of how global vegetation stores carbon and influences climate.
“活得快,死得早”是对摇滚明星和好莱坞演员的著名描述,但也概括了一个重要的生物学原理。生长和繁殖快的动植物更有可能被天敌或极端环境杀死。我们通常用能量来解释这种生物权衡:花在生长上的能量越多,就意味着花在防御敌人、获取基本资源或储存以在不利条件下生存的能量越少。这一解释的一个合乎逻辑的延伸是,如果可以用更少的能源实现同样的增长,那么就可以有更多的能源用于防御、资源捕获和储存,从而提高生存能力。然而,尽管这一预测对生物学至关重要,但仍未经验证。与祖先的C3型光合作用相比,在70多个植物谱系中,C4光合作用的进化提高了在高光和高温下的光合能量转换效率。为了了解光合效率的提高是如何影响生长的,我们开发了一种实验方法,能够比较数百种植物在相同环境条件下的生长情况。我们发现C4光合作用在促进更快生长的直接生理作用之外,C4叶片的密度出乎意料地低于C3,进一步提高了生长效率。这使得C4植物更大,更多的生长投入到根部,这使我们假设它们可能能够积累更多的储存,并且在干旱时比C3植物更好地获得水分。总之,这些假设的影响预计会增加反复落叶和干旱事件后植物的存活率。如果有实验证据支持,C3和C4植物之间的这些生态差异将对植物群落对环境变化和土地管理的响应具有重要的全球意义。我们建议使用三个大型比较实验来检验这些假设,利用我们最近在开发高通量实验筛选方法方面的进展。我们能够在相同的实验装置中测量数千种植物的生长,根与芽的分配,储存和存活,并开发了新的统计方法来分析大量的结果数据集。我们也是第一个成功应用代谢组学方法鉴定和量化多种野生植物物种的储存化合物的团队。我们提出的工作策略是将这些方法结合起来,研究70种生态上重要的草种在实验施加干旱或反复落叶的情况下的存活率,这些草种代表了C4光合作用及其C3姐妹分类群的7个独立进化起源。其他假设的生存机制将通过使用不同年龄的植物来操纵大小来测试。由于C4光合作用对植物水分利用也有直接的生理影响,我们将在干旱试验中通过减小气孔孔径对植物水力学进行详细测量。这三个实验的结果将使我们能够测试C4和C4物种中更大的储存、更深的生根、更低的植物水分利用和更大的植物尺寸对生存的相对重要性,并获得对该系统的整体理解。这项工作将增强我们对重大生理创新如何改变生长-生存关系并使植物探索新的表型空间的机制理解。在整个项目中,我们将与数学建模人员合作,确保实验产生的数据有助于开发关于全球植被如何储存碳和影响气候的改进模型。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(3)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Large seeds provide an intrinsic growth advantage that depends on leaf traits and root allocation
大种子提供了内在的生长优势,这取决于叶子性状和根部分配
- DOI:10.1111/1365-2435.13871
- 发表时间:2021
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:5.2
- 作者:Simpson K
- 通讯作者:Simpson K
The morphogenesis of fast growth in plants.
- DOI:10.1111/nph.16892
- 发表时间:2020-08
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:R. Wade;Patrick Seed;Eleanor McLaren;Ellie Wood;P. Christin;K. Thompson;M. Rees;C. Osborne
- 通讯作者:R. Wade;Patrick Seed;Eleanor McLaren;Ellie Wood;P. Christin;K. Thompson;M. Rees;C. Osborne
{{
item.title }}
{{ item.translation_title }}
- DOI:
{{ item.doi }} - 发表时间:
{{ item.publish_year }} - 期刊:
- 影响因子:{{ item.factor }}
- 作者:
{{ item.authors }} - 通讯作者:
{{ item.author }}
数据更新时间:{{ journalArticles.updateTime }}
{{ item.title }}
- 作者:
{{ item.author }}
数据更新时间:{{ monograph.updateTime }}
{{ item.title }}
- 作者:
{{ item.author }}
数据更新时间:{{ sciAawards.updateTime }}
{{ item.title }}
- 作者:
{{ item.author }}
数据更新时间:{{ conferencePapers.updateTime }}
{{ item.title }}
- 作者:
{{ item.author }}
数据更新时间:{{ patent.updateTime }}
Colin Osborne其他文献
An intrinsic antibiotic mechanism in wounds and tissue-engineered skin.
伤口和组织工程皮肤中的内在抗生素机制。
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2001 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:6.5
- 作者:
Peter Schmid;Colin Osborne;David Cox;O. Grenet;Jesús Medina;S. Chibout - 通讯作者:
S. Chibout
for establishing lineage-based functional types (LFTs) for
用于建立基于谱系的功能类型(LFT)
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2019 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
Daniel M. Griffith;Colin Osborne;Erika J. Edwards;S. Bachle;D. Beerling;William J. Bond;Timothy J. Gallaher;B. Helliker;C. E. Lehmann;Lila Leatherman;J. Nippert;Stephanie Pau;Fan Qiu;William J. Riley;Melinda D. Smith;C. Strömberg;Lyla L. Taylor;M. Ungerer;C. Still - 通讯作者:
C. Still
Comment on “The global tree restoration potential”
对“全球树木恢复潜力”的评论
- DOI:
10.1126/science.aay7976 - 发表时间:
2019 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:56.9
- 作者:
J. Veldman;Julie C. Aleman;Swanni T. Alvarado;T. Michael Anderson;Sally Archibald;William J. Bond;T. Boutton;Nina Buchmann;É. Buisson;J. Canadell;Michele de Sá Dechoum;Milton H. Diaz;G. Durigan;J. Ewel;G. W. Fernandes;A. Fidelis;Forrest Fleischman;S. Good;Daniel M. Griffith;J. Hermann;William A. Hoffmann;Soizig Le Stradic;C. E. Lehmann;Grégory Mahy;Ashish N. Nerlekar;J. Nippert;Reed F. Noss;Colin Osborne;Gerhard E. Overbeck;Catherine L. Parr;J. Pausas;R. Toby Pennington;M. Perring;F. Putz;J. Ratnam;M. Sankaran;Isabel B. Schmidt;C. Schmitt;Fernando A. O. Silveira;A. C. Staver;N. Stevens;Christopher J. Still;Caroline A E Strömberg;V. Temperton;J. Varner;N. Zaloumis - 通讯作者:
N. Zaloumis
Colin Osborne的其他文献
{{
item.title }}
{{ item.translation_title }}
- DOI:
{{ item.doi }} - 发表时间:
{{ item.publish_year }} - 期刊:
- 影响因子:{{ item.factor }}
- 作者:
{{ item.authors }} - 通讯作者:
{{ item.author }}
{{ truncateString('Colin Osborne', 18)}}的其他基金
How do global change and functional traits influence savanna woody plant encroachment?
全球变化和功能特征如何影响稀树草原木本植物的侵占?
- 批准号:
NE/T000759/1 - 财政年份:2020
- 资助金额:
$ 76.37万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
Ecological processes during the origins of agriculture in the Fertile Crescent
新月沃地农业起源期间的生态过程
- 批准号:
NE/L013266/1 - 财政年份:2014
- 资助金额:
$ 76.37万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
Functional diversity among grass species: the role of photosynthetic pathway
草种之间的功能多样性:光合途径的作用
- 批准号:
NE/I014322/1 - 财政年份:2011
- 资助金额:
$ 76.37万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
Origins of Agriculture: an Ecological Perspective on Crop Domestication
农业的起源:作物驯化的生态学视角
- 批准号:
NE/H022716/1 - 财政年份:2010
- 资助金额:
$ 76.37万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
Drought responses of C4 plants: resolving the effects of physiological pathway from phylogenetic history
C4植物的干旱反应:从系统发育史解析生理途径的影响
- 批准号:
NE/D013062/1 - 财政年份:2006
- 资助金额:
$ 76.37万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
相似国自然基金
生理/病理应激差异化调控肝再生的“蓝斑—中缝”神经环路机制
- 批准号:82371517
- 批准年份:2023
- 资助金额:49.00 万元
- 项目类别:面上项目
羊草子株出生、发育及成穗的生理与分子机制
- 批准号:31172259
- 批准年份:2011
- 资助金额:56.0 万元
- 项目类别:面上项目
相似海外基金
Does the Maternal Environment During Viral Infection and Inflammation Direct Fetal Gamma Delta T Cell Development and Function?
病毒感染和炎症期间的母体环境是否直接影响胎儿 Gamma Delta T 细胞的发育和功能?
- 批准号:
10840234 - 财政年份:2023
- 资助金额:
$ 76.37万 - 项目类别:
Does suppression of glymphatic flow explain why chronic neuropathic pain elevates the risk of developing Alzheimer-like dementia?
类淋巴液流的抑制是否可以解释为什么慢性神经性疼痛会增加患阿尔茨海默样痴呆的风险?
- 批准号:
10711478 - 财政年份:2021
- 资助金额:
$ 76.37万 - 项目类别:
Does When You Exercise Matter? A Randomized Trial Comparing the Effect of Morning versus Evening Aerobic Exercise on Weight Loss and Compensatory Behaviors
运动时间重要吗?
- 批准号:
10627954 - 财政年份:2021
- 资助金额:
$ 76.37万 - 项目类别:
Does aging decrease osteocyte lacunar-canalicular bone quality?
衰老是否会降低骨细胞腔隙骨质量?
- 批准号:
10377518 - 财政年份:2021
- 资助金额:
$ 76.37万 - 项目类别:
Does When You Exercise Matter? A Randomized Trial Comparing the Effect of Morning versus Evening Aerobic Exercise on Weight Loss and Compensatory Behaviors
运动时间重要吗?
- 批准号:
10296553 - 财政年份:2021
- 资助金额:
$ 76.37万 - 项目类别:
Does aging decrease osteocyte lacunar-canalicular bone quality?
衰老是否会降低骨细胞腔隙骨质量?
- 批准号:
10218921 - 财政年份:2021
- 资助金额:
$ 76.37万 - 项目类别:
Does When You Exercise Matter? A Randomized Trial Comparing the Effect of Morning versus Evening Aerobic Exercise on Weight Loss and Compensatory Behaviors
运动时间重要吗?
- 批准号:
10470288 - 财政年份:2021
- 资助金额:
$ 76.37万 - 项目类别:
What role does cannabis use have in anxiety? Examining the moderating effect of sensitivity to unpredictable threat.
大麻的使用对焦虑有什么作用?
- 批准号:
10212914 - 财政年份:2020
- 资助金额:
$ 76.37万 - 项目类别:
How does a metallocofactor in the Hepatitis B viral protein X orchestrate pathogenesis and liver cancer?
乙型肝炎病毒 X 蛋白中的金属辅因子如何协调发病机制和肝癌?
- 批准号:
10389582 - 财政年份:2019
- 资助金额:
$ 76.37万 - 项目类别:
How does a metallocofactor in the Hepatitis B viral protein X orchestrate pathogenesis and liver cancer?
乙型肝炎病毒 X 蛋白中的金属辅因子如何协调发病机制和肝癌?
- 批准号:
10170379 - 财政年份:2019
- 资助金额:
$ 76.37万 - 项目类别: