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Degradation of Odour signals by air pollution: chemical Mechanisms, plume dynamics and INsect-Orientation behaviour (DOMINO)

空气污染导致的气味信号退化：化学机制、羽流动力学和昆虫定向行为 (DOMINO)

基本信息

批准号：
NE/P002404/1
负责人：
Robbie Girling
金额：
$ 63.84万
依托单位：
University of Reading
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2017 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FP002404%2F1
关键词：
Degradation Odour signals air pollution

项目摘要

This project will investigate the mechanisms by which air pollution can disrupt vital airborne chemical signals that insects use for critical processes, such as mating or finding a flower, and will evaluate the ecological consequences of this phenomenon.Air pollution is a global issue that regularly hits the front pages of newspapers. Despite tough legislation, pollution levels in many areas remain above the legal limits. For example, multiple locations in London breached annual limits for the traffic-produced gas nitrogen dioxide within the first week of January 2016. Exceeding these limits not only poses major risks for human health, but also leads to substantial EU imposed fines for the UK. In developing nations the problem can be even greater. For example, in December 2015 China issued its second ever "red alert" for air pollution in Beijing, resulting in restrictions on vehicle use and the closure of schools. Air pollution, however, is not limited to large industrialised cities. Rural areas are also regularly exposed to pollution transported from cities and major roadways and are increasingly impacted by ozone pollution due to both a rise in the global background and regular weather-induced episodic ozone peaks often referred to as ozone bubbles. One such episode was triggered during the August 2003 heat wave and is thought to have resulted in 2139 deaths in England and Wales.Concerns over public health have driven current efforts to reduce air pollution, but there is strong evidence to suggest that the health of plants and insects are also at risk. The honey bee for example, finds food by following the unique blend of volatile organic compounds (VOC) emitted by flowers. However, we and others have recently demonstrated in laboratory experiments that common air pollutants, such as diesel exhaust and ozone, can disrupt these floral odours, but we do not yet understand what consequences this might have in the real-world. Nonetheless, it is clear that any disruption to these signals may have wide ranging and as yet unquantified impacts on the important ecosystem services they provide, such as pollination (estimated to be $361bn globally and £691m in the UK) and pest-regulation ($417bn globally).This project will result in a step-change in our knowledge of this subject by radically advancing our conceptual understanding of how air pollution interacts with the VOCs that many insects rely on to communicate and interact with their environment. Initially we will conduct studies to provide comprehensive evidence of how a range of key air pollutants (nitrogen dioxide, nitrate radicals and ozone) in isolation and in combination, react and interact with a series of selected VOCs, which function as either floral attractants or pheromones. We will then establish which products of these reactions a pair of model insects, the silver y moth and the buff-tailed bumblebee, are capable of detecting. Next, we will for the first time measure how degradation occurs spatially within odour plumes at time scales relevant to atmospheric mixing processes and insect navigation. Finally, we will use these data to: (i) quantify the effects of diesel exhaust (a major contributor to nitrogen dioxide pollution) and ozone pollution on the ability of male moths to locate females and pollinators to locate and pollinate flowers in field studies; and (ii) establish the effects of odour degradation in the plume on in-flight orientation behaviour of moths flying to the selected VOCs in a wind tunnel. This will provide us with a significantly advanced erudition of the mechanisms by which pollutants can degrade volatile odours used by insects and the effects that this has on insect behavioural ecology and the vital ecosystem service of pollination.

该项目将研究空气污染破坏昆虫在交配或寻找花朵等关键过程中使用的重要空气化学信号的机制，并评估这一现象的生态后果。空气污染是一个经常登上报纸头版的全球性问题。尽管有坚韧的立法，许多地区的污染水平仍然高于法律的限制。例如，伦敦的多个地点在2016年1月的第一周内违反了交通产生的气体二氧化氮的年度限制。超过这些限制不仅会对人类健康构成重大风险，还会导致欧盟对英国处以巨额罚款。在发展中国家，问题可能更大。例如，2015年12月，中国发布了北京空气污染的第二次“红色预警”，导致车辆使用限制和学校关闭。然而，空气污染并不局限于大型工业化城市。农村地区还经常受到来自城市和主要道路的污染的影响，并日益受到臭氧污染的影响，这是由于全球背景的上升和经常性的天气引起的臭氧峰值，通常被称为臭氧气泡。2003年8月的热浪引发了一次这样的事件，据信已导致英格兰和威尔士2139人死亡。对公共健康的担忧推动了目前减少空气污染的努力，但有强有力的证据表明，植物和昆虫的健康也面临风险。例如，蜜蜂通过追踪花朵散发的挥发性有机化合物（VOC）的独特混合物来寻找食物。然而，我们和其他人最近在实验室实验中证明，常见的空气污染物，如柴油废气和臭氧，可以破坏这些花香，但我们还不知道这在现实世界中可能会产生什么后果。尽管如此，很明显，对这些信号的任何干扰都可能对其提供的重要生态系统服务产生广泛的、迄今尚未量化的影响，授粉等（全球估计为3610亿美元，英国为6.91亿英镑）和害虫监管（全球4170亿美元）。该项目将导致一个步骤-通过从根本上推进我们对空气污染如何与VOC相互作用的概念性理解，改变我们对这一主题的知识，许多昆虫依赖VOC与环境进行交流和相互作用。首先，我们将进行研究，以提供全面的证据，说明一系列主要空气污染物（二氧化氮，硝酸根和臭氧）如何单独和组合，与一系列选定的挥发性有机化合物发生反应和相互作用，这些挥发性有机化合物可以作为花卉引诱剂或信息素。然后，我们将建立这些反应的产物的一对模式昆虫，银蛾和黄尾熊蜂，能够检测。接下来，我们将首次测量在与大气混合过程和昆虫导航相关的时间尺度上，气味羽流内的空间降解是如何发生的。最后，我们将使用这些数据：（一）量化的影响，柴油机废气（一个主要贡献者二氧化氮污染）和臭氧污染的能力，雄蛾找到女性和传粉者的定位和授粉花在现场研究;和（ii）建立气味降解羽流的影响，在飞行中的方向行为的蛾飞行到选定的挥发性有机化合物在风洞中。这将为我们提供一个显着先进的博学的机制，污染物可以降解昆虫使用的挥发性气味，这对昆虫行为生态学和授粉的重要生态系统服务的影响。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Ozone Mitigates the Adverse Effects of Diesel Exhaust Pollutants on Ground-Active Invertebrates in Wheat

DOI：
10.3389/fevo.2022.833088
发表时间：
2022-03
期刊：
影响因子：
0
作者：
James M. W. Ryalls;Tom Staton;N. Mullinger;Lisa M. Bromfield;B. Langford;C. Pfrang;E. Nemitz;J. Blande;R. D. Girling
通讯作者：
James M. W. Ryalls;Tom Staton;N. Mullinger;Lisa M. Bromfield;B. Langford;C. Pfrang;E. Nemitz;J. Blande;R. D. Girling

Acute exposure to diesel exhaust induces central nervous system stress and altered learning and memory in honey bees.

急性暴露于柴油机尾气会引起中枢神经系统应激，并改变蜜蜂的学习和记忆能力。