权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Building resilience along the Colombian Caribbean coast in the face of sudden and slow-onset environmental hazards

加强哥伦比亚加勒比海岸的抵御能力，应对突发和缓发的环境危害

基本信息

批准号：
NE/P015328/1
负责人：
Piran White
金额：
$ 21.68万
依托单位：
University of York
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2016 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FP015328%2F1
关键词：
Building resilience along Colombian Caribbean

项目摘要

Resilience is at the heart of the current development agenda and underpins approaches to disaster risk reduction. It has a central role in the 2030 Global Goals. Fundamentally, resilience is about the ability of communities to resist and absorb the impacts of environmental hazards, so they can continue to function as successful societies. The frequency and severity of environmental hazards, such as floods and droughts, are increasing in many lower and middle-income countries, where environmental degradation (like water and soil pollution) can make recovery from such impacts more prolonged. The poor, marginalised ethnic groups and other vulnerable social sectors, including the old and the very young, are particularly vulnerable to such impacts. These groups lack the social, economic and political capital that underpins resilience and, consequently, the overall cost of environmental change is greater for these communities than for more privileged ones. It is particularly important, therefore, to understand how to build resilience in and for poorer communities in order to ensure that they are less vulnerable in the future.One important influence on how communities and societies are able to adapt to environmental hazards is how they have developed in the past. Historical context, culture and political dynamics are all important factors affecting resilience and shape how it is locally understood and framed. However, most research on resilience fails to take account of the importance of past events and responses, and the timeframe of studies is a few decades at most. For this reason, in this project, we will bring together social, political, cultural and environmental histories to track resilience in a vulnerable tropical coastal community over a 200 year period. The project will focus on communities along Colombia's Caribbean Sea coast, in particular within the Biosphere Reserve site of Cienaga Grande de Santa Marta (CGSM). The CGSM is Colombia's largest coastal lagoon system, and supports seven communities, all of which are heavily dependent on fisheries from the lagoon for their livelihoods. The CGSM system is under threat from a wide range of environmental pressures including sea level rise, warming climate and reduced precipitation, which combine to threaten the fisheries. These trends are overlain by impacts from the increased frequency and severity of floods and droughts, linked to weather patterns related to large-scale Pacific Ocean warmings (El Niño events) and coolings (La Niña events). We will extract detailed environmental histories regarding drought and flood events, pollution and sedimentation rates from cores that we take from the mangrove forests that fringe the CGSM lagoon, plot historical representations of environmental change and identify historical political trends that have shaped resilience in the past. We will date key events such as floods and droughts from these cores and then use historical sources including literature and arts-based works alongside the lens of politics to identify the range of social, political and cultural factors that have affected the response and the extent of resilience of the communities over time. Finally, we will use this information to propose ways in which resilience could be enhanced to protect the communities against future environmental and societal pressures.

抗灾能力是当前发展议程的核心，是减少灾害风险办法的基础。它在2030年全球目标中发挥着核心作用。从根本上讲，复原力是指社区抵御和吸收环境危害影响的能力，以便它们能够继续作为成功的社会发挥作用。在许多中低收入国家，洪水和干旱等环境危害的频率和严重程度正在增加，环境退化（如水和土壤污染）可能使这些影响的恢复时间更长。穷人、被边缘化的族裔群体和其他弱势社会群体，包括老人和幼童，特别容易受到这种影响。这些群体缺乏支撑复原力的社会、经济和政治资本，因此，环境变化对这些社区造成的总体代价大于较富裕的社区。因此，特别重要的是，要了解如何在较贫穷的社区建立复原力，并为这些社区建立复原力，以确保这些社区今后不那么脆弱，社区和社会如何能够适应环境危害的一个重要影响因素是它们过去的发展情况。历史背景、文化和政治动态都是影响复原力的重要因素，并决定了当地如何理解和构建复原力。然而，大多数关于复原力的研究都没有考虑到过去事件和反应的重要性，而且研究的时间范围最多为几十年。因此，在这个项目中，我们将汇集社会，政治，文化和环境历史，以跟踪脆弱的热带沿海社区在200年内的恢复力。该项目将侧重于哥伦比亚加勒比海沿岸沿着的社区，特别是谢纳加大圣玛尔塔生物圈保护区内的社区。CGSM是哥伦比亚最大的沿海泻湖系统，并支持七个社区，所有这些社区都严重依赖泻湖渔业为生。CGSM系统受到各种环境压力的威胁，包括海平面上升、气候变暖和降水减少，这些联合收割机共同威胁渔业。这些趋势被洪水和干旱的频率和严重程度增加的影响所掩盖，这些影响与大规模太平洋变暖（厄尔尼诺事件）和冷却（拉尼娜事件）有关的天气模式有关。我们将提取有关干旱和洪水事件，污染和沉积速率的核心，我们从红树林森林边缘的CGSM泻湖，绘制环境变化的历史表现，并确定历史上的政治趋势，在过去塑造了弹性详细的环境历史。我们将确定这些核心的洪水和干旱等关键事件的日期，然后利用历史资料，包括文学和艺术作品以及政治的透镜，来确定影响应对措施的社会、政治和文化因素的范围。随着时间的推移，社区的复原力程度。最后，我们将利用这些信息提出增强复原力的方法，以保护社区免受未来环境和社会压力的影响。