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Impacts of El Nino events on ecosystem services provided by Colombian mangroves

厄尔尼诺事件对哥伦比亚红树林提供的生态系统服务的影响

基本信息

批准号：
NE/P003974/1
负责人：
Piran White
金额：
$ 31.86万
依托单位：
University of York
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2016 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FP003974%2F1
关键词：
Impacts El Nino events ecosystem

项目摘要

The current El Niño event in the tropical Pacific region is forecast to be one of the two strongest since records began. There is increasing evidence of links between the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and climate change. Climate change is putting increasing pressure on many ecosystems, making them and the communities that depend on them for their livelihoods more susceptible strong El Niño events, such as the 2015/16 event. Mangrove conservation has been proposed as a form of Ecosystem-Based Adaptation (EBA) to help protect livelihoods in the face of climate change, providing co-benefits for biodiversity and local communities. However, this strategy may be rendered ineffective if the impacts of extreme El Nino and La Niña events threaten the survival and functioning of mangrove systems and their socio-economic consequences. It is therefore particularly urgent to quantify the impacts of El Niño on mangroves and their socio-economic consequences on the local communities; the current El Niño event provides a transient opportunity to obtain these critical baseline data.Colombia is being affected severely by El Nino. There is a dearth of data for coastal regions, yet the impacts of both El Niño and La Niña on coastal communities in areas vulnerable to both droughts and floods have been severe, with shortages of fish and degradation of mangrove systems. Mangroves provide a range of ecosystem services that support livelihoods, including provisioning services such as fisheries, wood, agriculture and transportation, and regulating services such as flood protection, sediment regulation, erosion regulation and carbon storage. The status of mangroves and their intimate link to human well-being and poverty alleviation provides a unique opportunity to quantify the broader impacts of El Nino events. In partnership with Grupo Laera and INVEMAR in Colombia, we will quantify the impacts of the current El Niño event on mangroves in two contrasting mangrove systems in Colombia - La Boquilla, which is a relatively high energy system, facing the open sea, and Cienaga Grande de Santa Marta (CGSM), which is a low energy, lagoonal system. Working with our partners, we will collect empirical data on the status of the mangrove system and the following ecosystem services: fisheries, flood and erosion regulation and sediment regulation. We will combine these data with quantitative and qualitative data on the economic and social impacts of the current El Niño event, and supplement them with time series environmental data from a series of monitoring stations maintained by INVEMAR, the Colombian Marine and Coastal Research Institute.We will derive economic values associated with key ecosystem services from the mangroves using a combination of market-based and spatial value transfer approaches. We will work with local community groups and stakeholders (via workshops) to develop and refine our models of ecological and physical properties of the mangroves into integrated ecological-economic models, and use a future scenarios-based approach to examine the ecosystem and livelihood impacts of various anthropogenic pressures and internal changes within the mangroves. The work will enhance the environmental and socio-economic evidence base of the impacts of the current El Niño event in Colombia and, through the development of co-produced models, contribute to a better understanding of resilience of these systems and the livelihoods they support, to future El Niño events in the region.

据预测，热带太平洋区域目前的厄尔尼诺现象是有记录以来最强烈的两次之一。越来越多的证据表明，厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ENSO）与气候变化之间存在联系。气候变化给许多生态系统带来越来越大的压力，使它们和依赖它们谋生的社区更容易受到强厄尔尼诺事件的影响，例如2015/16年的事件。红树林保护已被提议作为基于生态系统的适应（EBA）的一种形式，以帮助在气候变化面前保护生计，为生物多样性和当地社区提供共同利益。但是，如果极端的厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜现象的影响威胁到红树林系统的生存和运作及其社会经济后果，这一战略就可能失效。因此，特别迫切需要量化厄尔尼诺现象对红树林的影响及其对当地社区的社会经济后果;目前的厄尔尼诺现象为获得这些关键的基线数据提供了一个短暂的机会，哥伦比亚受到厄尔尼诺现象的严重影响。沿海地区的数据缺乏，但厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜现象对易受干旱和洪水影响地区的沿海社区的影响十分严重，造成鱼类短缺和红树林系统退化。红树林提供一系列支持生计的生态系统服务，包括渔业、木材、农业和运输等供应服务，以及防洪、沉积物调节、侵蚀调节和碳储存等调节服务。红树林的状况及其与人类福祉和减贫的密切联系为量化厄尔尼诺现象的广泛影响提供了一个独特的机会。我们将与哥伦比亚的Grupo Laera和INVEMAR合作，量化当前厄尔尼诺事件对哥伦比亚两个对比鲜明的红树林系统中红树林的影响- La Boquilla，这是一个相对高能量的系统，面向公海，以及谢纳加Grande de Santa玛尔塔（CGSM），这是一个低能量的泻湖系统。我们将与我们的伙伴合作，收集关于红树林系统状况和以下生态系统服务的经验数据：渔业、洪水和侵蚀调节以及沉积物调节。我们将联合收割机将这些数据与关于当前厄尔尼诺现象的经济和社会影响的定量和定性数据相结合，并以哥伦比亚海洋和沿海研究所INVEMAR维持的一系列监测站的时间序列环境数据作为补充，我们将采用基于市场和空间价值转移相结合的办法，从红树林获得与关键生态系统服务相关的经济价值。我们将与当地社区团体和利益相关者（通过研讨会）合作，开发和完善我们的红树林生态和物理特性模型，使其成为综合生态经济模型，并使用未来基于生态系统的方法来研究红树林内各种人为压力和内部变化对生态系统和生计的影响。这项工作将加强当前厄尔尼诺现象对哥伦比亚影响的环境和社会经济证据基础，并通过开发共同制作的模型，促进更好地了解这些系统及其支持的生计对该区域未来厄尔尼诺现象的复原力。