Water Stewardship Portal

背景非洲和亚洲的气候和人口变化将威胁生计和依赖环境资源的数十亿人，环境本身及其服务将受到越来越大的威胁。一些最重大的威胁是洪水和干旱变化的影响以及人类水系统干预(增加抽水、蓄水大坝、污染等)的影响。许多变化是不可避免的，生产食物和能源需要水，气候变化也将发生。水管理者需要高效和有效地调整水-生态-环境系统，以维护生态健康，同时确保那些依赖环境的人的可持续生计。如何在全球范围内做到这一点？水管理者如何协调和整合遥感信息、气候和水文模型预测、水权/许可证和用水信息，以了解未来生态和经济用水服务的可行性，并评估未来干预措施的影响？建议的贡献我们提议的财团和合作伙伴在我们的工作中看到了证据，表明有效和可持续的水管理是在满足三个条件时实现的：关于水文现实和部门用水的数据，对水系统干预措施的影响的分析是可行和足够准确的，以及利益相关者可信地参与水管理决策(利用适当和可获得的信息和工具)。我们项目的目的是通过提供一个通用的、可在线/离线适应的工具，帮助这些条件以具有成本效益的方式在全球范围内表现出来，该工具可以由不同用户类型的财团(流域组织、非政府组织、生产者等)随着时间的推移为任何流域快速配置、可持续维护和扩展。为此，我们建议建立一个水数据可视化、分析和通信门户，由一个对水管理感兴趣的组织联盟指导。我们称之为水资源管理门户(WS门户)的在线/离线软件平台将把实际水资源管理的3个基本组件组合成4个主要模块(想想网络浏览器上的“标签”)：1.空间水文数据的存储和可视化(地理信息系统、遥感、时间序列)2.水资源会计登记3.干预影响评估4.决策仪表板案例研究该门户将应用于肯尼亚的塔纳河流域，该流域覆盖了肯尼亚22%的陆地，居住着肯尼亚18%的人口。该流域支持各种各样的生态系统和经济服务，包括水电生产、供水利益、灌溉水库和各种生态系统。塔纳盆地支持着内罗毕约90%的水供应，并提供了肯尼亚60%的电力。该盆地是肯尼亚大大小小的农民和跨国公司集约化农业生产的所在地；在该盆地的一些地区，80%以上的居民以农业为生。这些部门中的任何一个部门的用水量的任何变化或增加都可能引起争议，并导致冲突；消耗性用水量将减少已经通过调节水电站大坝而大幅减少的流量。出于这些原因，该工具的目的是相互联系：准确估计各部门(特别是农业)的用水量，并将其纳入与水权数据库和通用资源干预影响模型相联系的水文模型中，这将是有价值的。该工具将与肯尼亚水资源管理局、乔莫·肯雅塔农业技术大学的同事以及对水管理感兴趣的国际合作伙伴，包括M&S、世界自然基金会和世界银行合作应用。

Context Climate and demographic changes in Africa and Asia will threaten the livelihood and billions of people who depend on environmental resources, and the environment itself and its services will be increasingly threatened. Some of the most significant threats are the impacts of changes in floods and droughts and the impacts of human water system interventions (increased abstractions, storage dams, pollution, etc.). Many of the changes are unavoidable, water is required for generating food and energy and climate changes are going to occur. Water managers need to efficiently and effectively adapt water-ecological-environmental systems to preserve ecological health whilst ensuring a sustainable livelihood for those who depend on the environment. How can this be done at global scale? How can water managers reconcile and integrate remote sensing information, climate and hydrological model predictions, water rights/license and water use information to understand the viability of future ecological and economic water services and evaluate the impacts of future interventions?Proposed contributionOur proposed consortium and partners have seen evidence in our work that effective and sustainable water management is enabled when 3 conditions are met: data on hydrological reality and sectoral water use is available, analysis of the impacts of water system interventions is feasible and sufficiently accurate, and stakeholders have a credible involvement in water management decisions (with appropriate and accessible information and tools). The aim of our project is to help enable these conditions to manifest globally in a cost-effective manner by providing a generic adaptable on/offline tool that can be quickly configured, sustainably maintained, and extended over time for any basin by consortia of different user types (basin organisations, NGOs, producers, etc.). To this end we propose a water data visualisation, analysis and communication portal guided by a consortium of water stewardship interested organisations. The online/offline software platform we've called the Water Stewardship Portal (WS Portal) would combine the 3 essential components of practical water management into 4 main modules (think 'tabs' on a web browser): 1. Storage and visualisation of spatial hydrological data (GIS, remote sensing, time-series)2. Water accounting registry3. Intervention impact assessment4. Decision dashboardCase-studyThe portal will be applied to Kenya's Tana River Basin, which covers 22% of the country's land mass and hosts 18% of Kenya's population. The basin supports a wide variety of ecosystem and economic services including hydropower production, water supply interests, reservoirs for irrigation, and a variety of ecosystems. The Tana basin supports roughly 90% of Nairobi's water supplies and generates 60% of Kenya's power. The basin is home to intensive agricultural production by Kenyan small and large farmers and multinationals; in some parts of the basin, over 80% of inhabitants rely on agriculture for their livelihoods. Any change or increase in water use by any of these sectors could be controversial and lead to conflict; consumptive uses will reduce flows which have already been strongly reduced by regulating hydropower dams. For these reason the tool, with its aim to link together: accurate estimation of water use by the sectors (particularly agriculture), incorporate that into a hydrological model which is linked to a water rights database and a generic resource intervention impact model, will be valuable. The tool is to be applied in collaboration with the Water Resource Management Authority (WRMA) of Kenya, colleagues from the Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology, and international partners interested in water stewardship, including M&S, WWF, and The World Bank.