Pathways and Emissions of climate-relevant TRace gases in a changing Arctic Ocean (PETRA)

变化的北冰洋中与气候相关的痕量气体的路径和排放 (PETRA)

• 批准号: NE/R012830/1
• 负责人: Andrew Rees
• 金额: $ 40.07万
• 依托单位: Plymouth Marine Laboratory
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FR012830%2F1
• 关键词: Pathways; Emissions; climate; relevant; TRace

The Arctic Ocean is exceptionally susceptible to climate change. Recent studies have shown that surface seawater is warming faster than in other oceans. In addition, atmospheric CO2 dissolution in seawater is causing Ocean Acidification (OA). The documented retreat of sea-ice will increase light penetration, including UV. These environmental parameters (temperature, OA and UV) are highly likely to act as stressors and alter the Arctic Ocean ecosystem structure and function which in turn will feed back on climate. One such feedback is the cycling of climatically active trace gases and their emission to the atmosphere (here: CH4, N2O, DMS, CO). These trace gases are rapidly produced and consumed by a number of physical and biological processes. For example, the biggest source of CO in surface seawater is via UV-induced photochemical reactions. Yet, the likely response of trace gas cycling to climate change remains largely unexplored. This hinders our ability to predict the future direction of this important climate-feedback. We propose to investigate this feedback by a) developing the basic understanding which will underpin a predictive tool and b) developing the predictive tool itself (computer model). We will achieve this using three complimentary tools: Firstly, novel, high-tech spatial observations of trace gases (with depth as well as horizontal) which will allow us to identify major controls on their cycles and estimate their present flux to the atmosphere. Secondly, direct experiments where the three stressors will be manipulated while trace gas cycling pathways are monitored. The novelty of our approach here, lies in the use of individual and combined stressor manipulation (e.g. OA alone versus high temperature and OA together). This will allow us to explore potential synergistic or antagonistic effects between stressors. We will use state-of-the-art chemical and biological observations to track changes in trace gas cycling. For example, we will monitor the abundance and activity of key genes involved in trace gas cycling. These experiments will give us explicit and refined understanding of trace gas cycling in relation to the stressors. Thirdly, we will employ computer modelling which will translate this understanding into a predictive tool that will be used to predict the impact of future climate change. Finally, and in order to rapidly translate our relevant findings to policy, we will engage with the public, policymakers, international science programmes and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) through our comprehensive impact plan.

北极海异常容易受到气候变化的影响。最近的研究表明，地表海水的变暖速度比其他海洋更快。此外，海水中的大气二氧化碳溶解正在引起海洋酸化（OA）。记载的海冰静修会增加包括紫外线在内的光穿透。这些环境参数（温度，OA和紫外线）极有可能充当压力源并改变北极海洋生态系统结构和功能，从而以气候反馈。一种这样的反馈是循环气候活跃的痕量气体及其对大气的排放（此处：CH4，N2O，DMS，CO）。这些痕量气体是由许多物理和生物学过程迅速产生和消耗的。例如，地表海水中CO的最大来源是通过紫外线诱导的光化学反应。然而，痕量气体循环对气候变化的可能反应在很大程度上尚未探索。这阻碍了我们预测这种重要气候反馈的未来方向的能力。我们建议通过a）建立基本理解来研究这一反馈，该理解将支持一个预测工具和b）开发预测工具本身（计算机模型）。我们将使用三种免费工具来实现这一目标：首先，对痕量气体的新颖，高科技的空间观察（具有深度和水平），这将使我们能够在其周期上识别主要的控制，并估算其当前的磁通量。其次，在监测痕量气体循环途径时将操纵三个应力源的直接实验。我们在这里的新颖性在于使用单个和组合的压力源操纵（例如，单独的OA与高温和OA一起使用）。这将使我们能够探索压力源之间潜在的协同或拮抗作用。我们将使用最先进的化学和生物学观测来跟踪痕量气体循环的变化。例如，我们将监测痕量气体循环中涉及的关键基因的丰度和活性。这些实验将使我们对与压力源有关的痕量气体循环的明确和精致的理解。第三，我们将采用计算机建模，将这种理解转化为一种预测工具，该工具将用于预测未来气候变化的影响。最后，为了快速将我们的相关发现转化为政策，我们将通过我们的全面影响计划与公共，政策制定者，国际科学计划和政府间气候变化（IPCC）互动。

项目成果

Modeling the Seasonality and Controls of Nitrous Oxide Emissions on the Northwest European Continental Shelf

西北欧洲大陆架一氧化二氮排放的季节性和控制模拟

• DOI: 10.1029/2019jg005613
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Biogeosciences
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: Lessin G

The role of a changing Arctic Ocean and climate for the biogeochemical cycling of dimethyl sulphide and carbon monoxide.

• DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01612-z
• 发表时间: 2022-03
• 期刊: Ambio
• 影响因子: 6.5
• 作者: Campen HI;Arévalo-Martínez DL;Artioli Y;Brown IJ;Kitidis V;Lessin G;Rees AP;Bange HW
• 通讯作者: Bange HW

Nitrous oxide and methane in a changing Arctic Ocean.

• DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01633-8
• 发表时间: 2022-03
• 期刊: Ambio
• 影响因子: 6.5
• 作者: Rees AP;Bange HW;Arévalo-Martínez DL;Artioli Y;Ashby DM;Brown I;Campen HI;Clark DR;Kitidis V;Lessin G;Tarran GA;Turley C
• 通讯作者: Turley C

Global Carbon Budget 2020

• DOI: 10.5194/essd-12-3269-2020
• 发表时间: 2020-12-11
• 期刊: EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
• 影响因子: 11.4
• 作者: Friedlingstein, Pierre;O'Sullivan, Michael;Zaehle, Sonke
• 通讯作者: Zaehle, Sonke