Catchment-scale processes contributing to transmission of antibiotic resistance in bathing waters

流域规模的过程导致沐浴水中抗生素耐药性的传播

• 批准号: NE/R013748/1
• 负责人: Anne Frances Clare Leonard
• 金额: $ 47.93万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FR013748%2F1
• 关键词: Catchment; scale; processes; contributing; transmission

The ability of disease-causing bacteria to survive and grow in the presence of antibiotics designed to kill them (antibiotic resistance) has been described as one of the greatest threats to humans. This threat not only poses a risk to human health, but also to animal and plant health. It will have significant impacts on the economy through increased cost of treatment, longer hospital stays, and higher rates of morbidity and mortality. Increasing antibiotic resistance will also result in loss of economic productivity. In the World Bank's 2017 report on the devastating effect of drug-resistant infections on the global economy, they recommended that the key to tackling resistant infections should be to take action and make investments in the following sectors: Health, Agriculture, Urban Development, and Water and Sanitation. In this fellowship, I will conduct research, in collaboration with a representative of the Water and Sanitation Industry (South West Water), that will be relevant for many of these sectors. I aim to use cutting-edge technology to estimate the abundance of antibiotic resistant bacteria in bathing waters, which are impacted by various pollution sources (including those from wastewater treatment plants and agriculture). I will also investigate catchment-level processes which contribute to the transmission of antibiotic resistant bacteria to humans in these key environments. Bathing waters represent aquatic environments which many members of the public come into close contact with, leading to potential exposure to high levels of resistant bacteria. My previous research suggests that there are millions of human exposure events to one type of clinically important resistant Escherichia coli per year in UK bathing waters. The proposed research will focus on all resistance mechanisms in a key indicator bacterium, E. coli, which is quantified at all designated bathing beaches in the UK, allowing quantitative risk assessment of human exposure to be undertaken. By understanding the reasons for increased resistance and therefore increasing exposure risk, we can inform mitigation strategies for reducing microbial pollution. The results of this research have global significance in terms of identifying and understanding the sources and transmission of antibiotic resistance. Not only will the findings be of academic interest but the information generated by the proposed research can help inform discussions about land and water management at both regional and national levels. In addition, the information generated by this research will contribute valuable knowledge to inform the water industry's response to the emerging problem of environmental antimicrobial resistance. Enhanced treatment methods are extremely costly and energy intensive, with consequences for society through higher water bills and greater greenhouse gas emissions. There is much public concern about these matters. Without sufficient evidence of the water industry's contribution to the problems and possible solutions, or of the degree of risk posed to human health, there is little incentive to devise and invest in innovative solutions to reduce the dissemination of antibiotic resistant bacteria to receiving waters.

致病细菌在抗生素存在下生存和生长的能力（抗生素耐药性）被描述为对人类的最大威胁之一。这种威胁不仅对人类健康构成威胁，而且对动植物健康构成威胁。它将通过增加治疗费用、延长住院时间以及提高发病率和死亡率对经济产生重大影响。抗生素耐药性的增加也将导致经济生产力的损失。在世界银行2017年关于耐药感染对全球经济的破坏性影响的报告中，他们建议应对耐药感染的关键是采取行动，并在以下部门进行投资：卫生，农业，城市发展以及水和卫生。在这个奖学金，我将进行研究，与水和卫生行业（西南水）的代表合作，这将是相关的许多这些部门。我的目标是使用尖端技术来估计沐浴沃茨中抗生素耐药性细菌的丰度，这些水域受到各种污染源（包括来自废水处理厂和农业的污染源）的影响。我还将研究在这些关键环境中有助于将抗生素耐药细菌传播给人类的流域级过程。游泳沃茨代表了许多公众密切接触的水生环境，导致潜在暴露于高水平的耐药细菌。我以前的研究表明，每年在英国沐浴沃茨中有数百万人暴露于一种临床上重要的耐药大肠杆菌。拟议的研究将集中在一个关键的指示细菌，大肠杆菌的所有耐药机制。大肠杆菌，在英国所有指定的泳滩进行量化，以便对人类接触进行定量风险评估。通过了解耐药性增加的原因，从而增加暴露风险，我们可以为减少微生物污染的缓解策略提供信息。这项研究的结果在识别和理解抗生素耐药性的来源和传播方面具有全球意义。研究结果不仅具有学术意义，而且拟议研究所产生的信息也有助于为区域和国家两级关于土地和水资源管理的讨论提供信息。此外，这项研究所产生的信息将有助于提供宝贵的知识，为水行业应对环境抗菌素耐药性的新问题提供信息。强化处理方法成本极高，而且是能源密集型的，通过提高水费和增加温室气体排放对社会造成影响。公众对这些问题非常关注。如果没有足够的证据证明供水行业对这些问题的贡献和可能的解决办法，或者对人类健康造成的风险程度，就没有什么动力来设计和投资创新的解决办法，以减少抗生素耐药性细菌向接受沃茨的传播。

项目成果

A cross-sectional study on the prevalence of illness in coastal bathers compared to non-bathers in England and Wales: Findings from the Beach User Health Survey.

一项关于英格兰和威尔士沿海泳客与非泳客疾病患病率的横断面研究：海滩用户健康调查的结果。

• DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115700
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Water research
• 影响因子: 12.8
• 作者: Leonard AFC

Additional file 4 of Existing evidence on antibiotic resistance exposure and transmission to humans from the environment: a systematic map

关于抗生素耐药性暴露和从环境传播给人类的现有证据的附加文件 4：系统图

• DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19351176
• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Stanton I

Additional file 3 of Existing evidence on antibiotic resistance exposure and transmission to humans from the environment: a systematic map

关于抗生素耐药性暴露和从环境传播给人类的现有证据的附加文件 3：系统图

• DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19351173
• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Stanton I

What is the research evidence for antibiotic resistance exposure and transmission to humans from the environment? A systematic map protocol.

关于抗生素耐药性暴露和从环境传播给人类的研究证据是什么？

• DOI: 10.1186/s13750-020-00197-6
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Environmental evidence
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Stanton IC

Additional file 2 of What is the research evidence for antibiotic resistance exposure and transmission to humans from the environment? A systematic map protocol

抗生素耐药性暴露和从环境传播给人类的研究证据是什么？的附加文件 2

• DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12422309
• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: Stanton I