Reducing storm-induced contamination risks to water supply infrastructure by Active-Fibre-optic Distributed Temperature Sensing

通过有源光纤分布式温度传感降低风暴对供水基础设施造成的污染风险

• 批准号: NE/R014752/1
• 负责人: Stefan Krause
• 金额: $ 32.52万
• 依托单位: University of Birmingham
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FR014752%2F1
• 关键词: Reducing; storm; induced; contamination; risks

Groundwater turbidity above the drinking water limit is a common problem in groundwater supply boreholes that abstract from fractured aquifer systems, such as the Chalk in South East England. Strategies for managing such high turbidity events include blending or filtering the water or temporarily shutting down affected wells or borehole isolating borehole sections, which costs water companies and their customers several 10th of Millions of Pounds every year. While the source of turbidity can vary, the occurrence of turbidity spikes is usually associated with fast groundwater flows through fractures following prolonged rainfall or intensive storm events. The occurrence of such high turbidity events can currently not be predicted, posing a severe financial risk to water companies and limiting the reliability of the available groundwater resource.This project aims to develop an in-borehole monitoring system for continuously observing fracture inflows in boreholes and assessing their linkage to turbidity events. The system is based on Active Distributed Temperature Sensing (A-DTS) technology which uses fibre-optic cables installed in boreholes to continuously monitor the temperature changes within boreholes under ambient temperature conditions and in response to heat pulses, induced by heating a metal core within the cable.The project will therefore:1. Demonstrate the suitability of A-DTS technology for quantifying in-situ fracture flow to groundwater boreholes. This will include testing different technological setups and monitoring strategies across a range of conditions and validating A-DTS technology against the results of traditional non-continuous borehole characterisation methods.2. Develop a continuous A-DTS based early warning system of changes in fracture flow and turbidity. Therefore, in long-term (12 month) continuous monitoring of fracture flows additionally turbidity and electrical conductivity (EC) at different depths within the borehole will be monitored. 3. Identify Risk Zones for Borehole Turbidity by developing and applying numerical modelling tools to simulate groundwater (and suspended particles) flow through the subsurface under variable operational and meteorological conditions. This will allow the delineation of the most likely water and particle pathways and the mapping of risk zones that are most likely to deliver particles, and hence turbidity, to the investigated boreholes.The outputs of this study will directly benefit water companies by providing novel tools for identifying and characterising turbidity risk zones within and around existing supply borehole infrastructure. This will inform the design and implementation of risk amelioration measures and will also influence decision on locations, design and operation of new groundwater supply boreholes. The continuous A-DTS monitoring system will provide early warning of imminent turbidity events, providing water companies with an opportunity to adjust operation of their infrastructure prior to the event and thereby reducing the overall impact on their operational and supply infrastructure, hence saving costs for the operators as well as their customers. Modelling tools developed in this project will support the delineation of risk zones for groundwater contamination and thus, not only impact on the management of water resource infrastructure but also on surface infrastructure design, management and operations. Furthermore, the technology also has potential applications in the assessment of salinisation risks (e.g. by identifying and delineating risk zones within and around supply boreholes) as well as for detecting possible impacts of hydraulic fracturing operations on the groundwater flow regime (e.g. through identification of flow regime changes/ new fractures within existing boreholes).Keywords: turbidity, risk, groundwater supply, A-DTS, monitoring, early warning system, water industry, customers, fractured aquifers

地下水浊度超过饮用水限值是从裂隙含水层系统（如英格兰东南部的Chalk）抽取的地下水供应钻孔中的常见问题。管理这种高浊度事件的策略包括混合或过滤水，或暂时关闭受影响的威尔斯井或钻孔隔离钻孔部分，这使水务公司及其客户每年花费数百万英镑的万分之几。虽然浊度的来源可能有所不同，但浊度峰值的发生通常与长时间降雨或强烈风暴事件后地下水通过裂缝的快速流动有关。目前无法预测这种高浊度事件的发生，给供水公司带来严重的财务风险，并限制了现有地下水资源的可靠性。本项目旨在开发一种钻孔监测系统，用于连续观察钻孔中的裂缝流入，并评估其与浊度事件的联系。该系统采用主动分布式温度传感技术（Active Distributed Temperature Sensing，简称A-Sensor），利用安装在钻孔内的光纤电缆，持续监测钻孔内的温度变化，并对电缆内金属芯加热产生的热脉冲作出反应。证明A-COST技术对地下水钻孔原位裂隙流的量化适用性。这将包括在一系列条件下测试不同的技术设置和监测策略，并根据传统非连续钻孔表征方法的结果验证A-COMM技术。开发一个连续的基于A-A的裂缝流量和浊度变化预警系统。因此，在裂缝流的长期（12个月）连续监测中，将额外监测钻孔内不同深度处的浊度和电导率（EC）。3.通过开发和应用数值建模工具来模拟地下水（和悬浮颗粒）在可变操作和气象条件下通过地下的流动，从而识别钻孔湍流的风险区。这将允许划定最可能的水和颗粒的路径和风险区，最有可能提供颗粒，因此浊度，调查breadhoes. Outputs的绘制将直接受益于自来水公司通过提供新的工具，用于识别和表征现有的供应钻孔基础设施内和周围的浊度风险区。这将为风险缓解措施的设计和实施提供信息，也将影响新地下水供应井眼的位置、设计和运营决策。持续的浊度监测系统将提供即将发生的浊度事件的早期预警，为水务公司提供在事件发生前调整其基础设施运行的机会，从而减少对其运营和供应基础设施的整体影响，从而为运营商及其客户节省成本。本项目开发的建模工具将支持地下水污染风险区的划定，从而不仅影响水资源基础设施的管理，而且影响地面基础设施的设计、管理和运营。此外，该技术在盐碱化风险评估方面也具有潜在的应用价值（例如，通过识别和划定供水井眼内和周围的风险区）以及检测水力压裂作业对地下水流动状况的可能影响（例如，通过识别现有钻孔内的流态变化/新裂缝）。关键词：浑浊度，风险，地下水供应，A-C，监测，预警系统，水务行业，用户，裂隙含水层

项目成果

The method controls the story - Sampling method impacts on the detection of pore-water nitrogen concentrations in streambeds.

该方法控制了故事 - 采样方法对河床孔隙水氮浓度检测的影响。

• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136075
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: The Science of the total environment
• 作者: Comer-Warner S

Toward a conceptual framework of hyporheic exchange across spatial scales

• DOI: 10.5194/hess-22-6163-2018
• 发表时间: 2018-05
• 期刊: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
• 影响因子: 6.3
• 作者: C. Magliozzi;R. Grabowski;A. Packman;S. Krause

Instream wood increases riverbed temperature variability in a lowland sandy stream

河内木材增加了低地沙质河流的河床温度变化

• DOI: 10.1002/rra.3698
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: River Research and Applications
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: Klaar M

Identification of floodplain and riverbed sediment heterogeneity in a meandering UK lowland stream by ground penetrating radar

利用探地雷达识别英国蜿蜒低地溪流中的漫滩和河床沉积物异质性

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2019.103863
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Journal of Applied Geophysics
• 影响因子: 2
• 作者: Dara R

Controls on soil moisture temporal and spatial variability on a recently forested hill slope

对最近森林覆盖的山坡土壤湿度时空变化的控制

• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Abesser, C