Reducing storm-induced contamination risks to water supply infrastructure by Active-Fibre-optic Distributed Temperature Sensing

通过有源光纤分布式温度传感降低风暴对供水基础设施造成的污染风险

• 批准号: NE/R014752/1
• 负责人: Stefan Krause
• 金额: $ 32.52万
• 依托单位: University of Birmingham
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FR014752%2F1
• 关键词: Reducing; storm; induced; contamination; risks

Groundwater turbidity above the drinking water limit is a common problem in groundwater supply boreholes that abstract from fractured aquifer systems, such as the Chalk in South East England. Strategies for managing such high turbidity events include blending or filtering the water or temporarily shutting down affected wells or borehole isolating borehole sections, which costs water companies and their customers several 10th of Millions of Pounds every year. While the source of turbidity can vary, the occurrence of turbidity spikes is usually associated with fast groundwater flows through fractures following prolonged rainfall or intensive storm events. The occurrence of such high turbidity events can currently not be predicted, posing a severe financial risk to water companies and limiting the reliability of the available groundwater resource.This project aims to develop an in-borehole monitoring system for continuously observing fracture inflows in boreholes and assessing their linkage to turbidity events. The system is based on Active Distributed Temperature Sensing (A-DTS) technology which uses fibre-optic cables installed in boreholes to continuously monitor the temperature changes within boreholes under ambient temperature conditions and in response to heat pulses, induced by heating a metal core within the cable.The project will therefore:1. Demonstrate the suitability of A-DTS technology for quantifying in-situ fracture flow to groundwater boreholes. This will include testing different technological setups and monitoring strategies across a range of conditions and validating A-DTS technology against the results of traditional non-continuous borehole characterisation methods.2. Develop a continuous A-DTS based early warning system of changes in fracture flow and turbidity. Therefore, in long-term (12 month) continuous monitoring of fracture flows additionally turbidity and electrical conductivity (EC) at different depths within the borehole will be monitored. 3. Identify Risk Zones for Borehole Turbidity by developing and applying numerical modelling tools to simulate groundwater (and suspended particles) flow through the subsurface under variable operational and meteorological conditions. This will allow the delineation of the most likely water and particle pathways and the mapping of risk zones that are most likely to deliver particles, and hence turbidity, to the investigated boreholes.The outputs of this study will directly benefit water companies by providing novel tools for identifying and characterising turbidity risk zones within and around existing supply borehole infrastructure. This will inform the design and implementation of risk amelioration measures and will also influence decision on locations, design and operation of new groundwater supply boreholes. The continuous A-DTS monitoring system will provide early warning of imminent turbidity events, providing water companies with an opportunity to adjust operation of their infrastructure prior to the event and thereby reducing the overall impact on their operational and supply infrastructure, hence saving costs for the operators as well as their customers. Modelling tools developed in this project will support the delineation of risk zones for groundwater contamination and thus, not only impact on the management of water resource infrastructure but also on surface infrastructure design, management and operations. Furthermore, the technology also has potential applications in the assessment of salinisation risks (e.g. by identifying and delineating risk zones within and around supply boreholes) as well as for detecting possible impacts of hydraulic fracturing operations on the groundwater flow regime (e.g. through identification of flow regime changes/ new fractures within existing boreholes).Keywords: turbidity, risk, groundwater supply, A-DTS, monitoring, early warning system, water industry, customers, fractured aquifers

高于饮用水限制的地下水浊度是地下水供应钻孔中的一个常见问题，这些井孔中的含水层系统（例如英格兰东南部的粉笔）抽象出来。管理此类高浊度事件的策略包括混合或过滤水或暂时关闭受影响的井或井眼隔离孔区域，这使水公司及其客户每年损失10万英镑的10英镑。虽然浊度的来源可能会有所不同，但浊度峰值的发生通常与长时间降雨或强化风暴事件后的裂缝流过裂缝有关。目前无法预测这种高浊度事件的发生，对水公司构成严重的财务风险并限制了可用地下水资源的可靠性。本项目旨在开发一个孔孔内监测系统，以连续观察井眼的裂缝流入，并评估其与浊度事件的联系。该系统基于主动的分布温度传感（A-DTS）技术，该技术使用安装在钻孔中的纤维电缆来连续监测环境温度条件下井眼内的温度变化，并响应于热脉冲，通过在电缆中加热金属芯引起的热量脉冲。因此，该项目将：1：1。证明A-DTS技术对于量化地下水钻孔的原位裂缝流的适用性。这将包括测试各种条件的不同技术设置和监视策略，并根据传统的非连续钻孔表征方法验证A-DTS技术。2。开发一个基于A-DTS的连续预警系统，即断裂流和浊度的变化。因此，将在长期（12个月）连续监测井眼内不同深度的浊度和电导率（EC）的裂缝流中。 3。通过开发和应用数值建模工具来模拟地下水（以及悬浮的颗粒）在可变的操作和气象条件下通过地下流过地下水，以确定井眼浊度的风险区域。这将允许划定最可能的水和颗粒通路，以及最有可能向研究的钻孔提供颗粒的风险区域，并因此将浊度传递到浊度上。这项研究的输出将通过提供新颖的工具来直接使水公司在现有供应孔内和周围识别和表征现有的浊度区域的新颖工具。这将为风险改善措施的设计和实施提供信息，还将影响对新地下水供应钻孔的位置，设计和操作的决策。连续的A-DTS监测系统将为即将发生的浊度事件提供预警，从而为水公司提供了在活动之前调整其基础设施运营的机会，从而减少对其运营和供应基础设施的总体影响，从而节省运营商及其客户的成本。该项目开发的建模工具将支持对地下水污染的风险区域的描述，因此，不仅会影响水资源基础设施的管理，而且对地表基础设施设计，管理和运营的影响。此外，该技术在评估盐分风险方面还具有潜在的应用（例如，通过识别和描述供应孔内外的风险区域），以及检测水力压裂操作可能对地下水流动型的液压破裂操作的可能影响（例如，通过识别流动量变化/新的风险范围/新的风险范围/新的风险范围/造风量）。 A-DT，监测，预警系统，水行业，客户，含水层破裂

项目成果

The method controls the story - Sampling method impacts on the detection of pore-water nitrogen concentrations in streambeds.

该方法控制了故事 - 采样方法对河床孔隙水氮浓度检测的影响。

• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136075
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: The Science of the total environment
• 作者: Comer-Warner S

Toward a conceptual framework of hyporheic exchange across spatial scales

• DOI: 10.5194/hess-22-6163-2018
• 发表时间: 2018-05
• 期刊: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
• 影响因子: 6.3
• 作者: C. Magliozzi;R. Grabowski;A. Packman;S. Krause

Identification of floodplain and riverbed sediment heterogeneity in a meandering UK lowland stream by ground penetrating radar

利用探地雷达识别英国蜿蜒低地溪流中的漫滩和河床沉积物异质性

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2019.103863
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Journal of Applied Geophysics
• 影响因子: 2
• 作者: Dara R

Instream wood increases riverbed temperature variability in a lowland sandy stream

河内木材增加了低地沙质河流的河床温度变化

• DOI: 10.1002/rra.3698
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: River Research and Applications
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: Klaar M

Controls on soil moisture temporal and spatial variability on a recently forested hill slope

对最近森林覆盖的山坡土壤湿度时空变化的控制

• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Abesser, C