Towards environmental reconciliation in Páramo land in Boyacá: resolving ecosystem trade-offs in post-conflict spaces

土地问题曾是哥伦比亚长期武装冲突的核心，现在是和平协议成功的支柱。战争改变了这个国家的社会面貌，也改变了它的自然面貌，除非他们正视冲突的遗留问题，否则解决生态平衡的努力注定要失败。数十年的冲突使数百万人流离失所，失去了他们的土地和传统生计，破坏了社会结构和生态环境。boyac<e:1>的páramo地区说明了这些社会生态冲突。在过去的50年里，boyac<e:1>经历了大量的资源冲突，表现为土地掠夺、剥夺和当地社区的流离失所。过去10年，由于采矿业的繁荣，当地的情况已经恶化。采矿业的繁荣把传统的农民赶到了páramo土地上，而该地区目前授予的水力压裂特许权使情况更加复杂。在和平协议之后，boyac<e:1>面临着严重的环境问题，特别是páramos，地方当局将不得不划定生态系统保护和生物多样性保护。在这样做的过程中，他们有可能在有争议的土地使用之间产生新的冲突。他们的决策需要在保护优先事项与对流离失所的传统农民、马铃薯和洋葱种植者、商业和手工采矿者以及小农的社会和经济未来的关注之间取得平衡。与此同时，这些生计的丧失给地方和区域粮食安全和农村发展计划带来了风险。该项目汇集了来自环境和兽医科学、文化和历史地理学、人类学、经济学和设计等多学科的学者，他们对这些挑战的社会和生态性质有了深入的了解。该项目的核心是我们的信念，即páramo土地不同使用者之间的和平与和解，以促进决策的合法化，这不是保护工作的附加内容，而是有效保护páramo土地的必要条件。

Land was at the heart of Colombia's long-running armed conflict and is now the pillar on which the success of the peace agreement rests. The war changed the country's social landscapes as much as its natural ones and efforts to address the ecological balance are doomed to fail unless they confront that legacy of conflict. Decades of conflict displaced millions of people from their land and traditional livelihoods, disrupting the social fabric as much as the ecological. The páramo regions in Boyacá illustrate these socio-ecological conflicts. For the last 50 years Boyacá has experienced substantial conflict over resources, manifested through land-grabs, dispossession and displacement of local communities. The situation has deteriorated in the last decade associated with the mining boom that has pushed traditional campesinos into páramo land, further complicated by the fracking concessions currently being awarded in the region. In the wake of the peace agreement Boyacá faces substantial environmental problems, particularly with regards to the páramos, which the local authorities will have to delimit for ecosystem preservation and biodiversity conservation. In doing so, they risk potential new conflicts between contested land usages. Their decision-making needs to balance conservation priorities with concerns for the social and economic future of the displaced traditional campesinos, potato and onion growers, commercial and artesanal miners and small farmers. At the same time, the loss of these livelihoods imposes risks to local and regional food security and rural development programmes. This project integrates a group of multi-disciplinary scholars from environmental and veterinary sciences, cultural and historical geography, anthropology, economics and design, working with an understanding of the social and ecological nature of these challenges. At the heart of the project is our conviction that peace and reconciliation between the different users of páramo land in order to facilitate and legitimise decision-making is not an add-on to conservation efforts but a sine qua non condition to the effective conservation of páramo land.