PUBLIC GOODS AND SOCIALLY RESPONSIVE FEMALES

公共物品和社会责任女性

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    NE/T007133/1
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 82.85万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    英国
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2020
  • 资助国家:
    英国
  • 起止时间:
    2020 至 无数据
  • 项目状态:
    未结题

项目摘要

Why and how animals cooperate with each other remains a fascinating challenge to explain. We know that individuals within families or that regularly interact with each other are far more likely to gain reciprocal benefits from cooperating with each other. However, there are many examples across the animal kingdom where these conditions don't hold and where cooperation is observed in situations in which it isn't predicted. We have recently uncovered such an example in our studies of the social responses of fruitflies. They don't live in familial or social groups, which predicts that they should be very unlikely to express socially cooperative behaviour. Nevertheless, we have found that females have remarkably fine-tuned responses to their social environments. For example, when they detect the presence of other females they very rapidly increase their rate of egg laying and alter their sexual receptivity. Eggs laid by groups of females that meet on food substrates females are laid together in clumps together with those of other females and, unexpectedly, these eggs seem to benefit from the cooperative protection offered by the eggs of other females.Laying eggs in communal batches seems to be beneficial because eggs are laid with an antimicrobial and anticannibalism 'coating': this diffuses and prevents spoilage of the substrate on which the eggs are laid, and prevents eggs from being eaten by any larvae that are present. The defensive coating protects batches of eggs (and resulting larvae) on a food patch. However, the production of these antimicrobial and anticannibalistic chemicals is energetically costly and potentially open to exploitation by others. This is because, if some individuals lay 'defenceless' eggs next to those with a strong antimicrobial coat or with effective anti-cannibalism defences, they can benefit without paying costs and hence can 'free-ride' the system. The explanation for what prevents most individuals from cheating like this resides in a powerful body of theory concerning 'public goods'. Key to the explanation is whether the benefits of producing public goods (i.e. the antimicrobial and anti-cannibalism defences) are 'non linear', for example if the only way everyone can benefit is if a threshold number of cooperating individuals pitch in. The aim of our project is to measure how and why cooperation over public goods occurs in our test system, and hence test the predictions of this important theory. Using the power of the fruitfly system, we can do this by experimentally manipulating the whole system, from the sensory inputs, to the production of public goods themselves, to the outcome in terms of the reproductive output of individual females.We will investigate:(1) The nature of benefits to females from responding to social environments through the production of public goods such as antimicrobial and anti-cannibalistic chemicals. (2) The shape of the relationship between the production of public goods and fitness.(3) The gene regulatory mechanisms underlying the production of socially responsive public goods.The results of this programme will provide a significant step forward in our understanding of fundamental components of social biology. These principles will have broad impact across taxa and will help to show us how and why we behave as we do.
动物为什么以及如何相互合作仍然是一个迷人的挑战,以解释。我们知道,家庭中的个体或经常相互交往的个体更有可能从相互合作中获得互惠互利。然而,在动物王国中有许多例子,这些条件并不成立,并且在没有预测的情况下观察到合作。我们最近在研究果蝇的社会反应时发现了这样一个例子。他们不生活在家庭或社会群体中,这预示着他们不太可能表现出社会合作行为。然而,我们发现女性对社会环境有着非常精细的反应。例如,当它们发现其他雌性的存在时,它们会非常迅速地增加产卵率并改变它们的性接受能力。由在食物基质上相遇的雌性群体产下的卵雌性与其他雌性群体一起成簇产下,出乎意料的是,这些卵似乎受益于其他雌性卵提供的合作保护。公共批次产下的卵似乎是有益的,因为产下的卵具有抗菌和抗annibalism“涂层”:这扩散并防止产卵的基质腐败,并防止卵被存在的任何幼虫吃掉。防御性涂层保护食物块上的一批批卵(和由此产生的幼虫)。然而,这些抗微生物和抗结核化学品的生产在能量上是昂贵的,并且可能被其他人利用。这是因为,如果一些个体在那些具有强大的抗菌涂层或有效的抗同类相食防御的蛋旁边产下“无防御”的蛋,它们可以在不支付成本的情况下受益,因此可以“搭便车”系统。对于是什么阻止了大多数人像这样作弊的解释存在于一个关于“公共产品”的强大理论体系中。解释的关键是生产公共产品(即抗菌和反同类相食防御)的好处是否是“非线性”的,例如,如果每个人都可以受益的唯一方式是如果一个阈值数量的合作个体投入。我们的项目的目的是测量如何以及为什么在我们的测试系统中发生公共产品合作,从而测试这一重要理论的预测。利用果蝇系统的力量,我们可以通过实验来操纵整个系统,从感官输入到公共产品本身的生产,再到个体雌性的生殖输出结果。我们将调查:(1)通过生产公共产品,如抗菌和抗同类相食的化学品,对雌性回应社会环境的益处的性质。(2)公共产品生产与健身关系的塑造。(3)基因调控机制生产的社会响应公益.这一方案的结果将提供一个重要的一步,我们的社会生物学的基本组成部分的理解。这些原则将对各个分类群产生广泛的影响,并将有助于向我们展示我们如何以及为什么会这样做。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(6)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Experimental evolution under varying sex ratio and nutrient availability modulates male mating success in Drosophila melanogaster.
  • DOI:
    10.1098/rsbl.2021.0652
  • 发表时间:
    2022-06
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3.3
  • 作者:
  • 通讯作者:
Additional file 1 of Memory of social experience affects female fecundity via perception of fly deposits
社会经历记忆通过苍蝇沉积物的感知影响女性生育力的附加文件 1
  • DOI:
    10.6084/m9.figshare.21435545
  • 发表时间:
    2022
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Fowler E
  • 通讯作者:
    Fowler E
Sex-biased gene expression in nutrient-sensing pathways.
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Tracey Chapman其他文献

Reproductive behaviour: Make love, then war
生殖行为:先做爱,后战争
  • DOI:
    10.1038/s41559-017-0174
  • 发表时间:
    2017-05-15
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    14.500
  • 作者:
    Tracey Chapman;Mariana F. Wolfner
  • 通讯作者:
    Mariana F. Wolfner
Sexual conflict as fuel for evolution
性冲突作为进化的燃料
  • DOI:
    10.1038/381189a0
  • 发表时间:
    1996-05-16
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    48.500
  • 作者:
    Tracey Chapman;Linda Partridge
  • 通讯作者:
    Linda Partridge
Darwin’s finches choose parent lookalikes as mates
达尔文雀选择与外貌相似的父母作为配偶
  • DOI:
    10.1038/d41586-018-07494-8
  • 发表时间:
    2018-11-26
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    48.500
  • 作者:
    Lewis G. Spurgin;Tracey Chapman
  • 通讯作者:
    Tracey Chapman
Interactions between the sexes: new perspectives on sexual selection and reproductive isolation
  • DOI:
    10.1007/s10682-007-9215-3
  • 发表时间:
    2007-10-10
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    2.100
  • 作者:
    Rhonda R. Snook;Tracey Chapman;Patricia J. Moore;Nina Wedell;Helen S. Crudgington
  • 通讯作者:
    Helen S. Crudgington
Darwin’s finches choose parent lookalikes as mates
达尔文雀选择与外貌相似的父母作为配偶
  • DOI:
    10.1038/d41586-018-07494-8
  • 发表时间:
    2018-11-26
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    48.500
  • 作者:
    Lewis G. Spurgin;Tracey Chapman
  • 通讯作者:
    Tracey Chapman

Tracey Chapman的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Tracey Chapman', 18)}}的其他基金

I see / smell / touch / hear and therefore I am: sex differences in perception alter survival and reproduction
我看到/闻到/触摸/听到,因此我是:感知中的性别差异改变生存和繁殖
  • 批准号:
    BB/W005174/1
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    $ 82.85万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
Poor starts and silver spoons: how diet shapes sex-specific fitness from birth to death
糟糕的开始和银汤匙:饮食如何塑造从出生到死亡的特定性别的健康
  • 批准号:
    NE/R010056/1
  • 财政年份:
    2018
  • 资助金额:
    $ 82.85万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
measure for measure: female responses to the social and sexual environment.
措施对措施:女性对社会和性环境的反应。
  • 批准号:
    NE/R000891/1
  • 财政年份:
    2017
  • 资助金额:
    $ 82.85万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
Functional significance and regulation of the reproductive 'transferome'
生殖“转移组”的功能意义和调节
  • 批准号:
    BB/L003139/1
  • 财政年份:
    2014
  • 资助金额:
    $ 82.85万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
ALL'S FAIR WHEN LOVE IS WAR: THE EVOLUTION OF LIFESPAN AND AGEING UNDER SEXUAL CONFLICT.
当爱情是战争时,一切都是公平的:性冲突下寿命和衰老的演变。
  • 批准号:
    NE/K004697/1
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 82.85万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
Evolution in eternal triangles: a dynamic landscape for driving rapid changes in reproduction
永恒三角形的进化:驱动繁殖快速变化的动态景观
  • 批准号:
    NE/J024244/1
  • 财政年份:
    2012
  • 资助金额:
    $ 82.85万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
COLONISATION, DOMESTICATION AND POPULATION CONTROL IN PEST INSECTS
害虫的定殖、驯化和种群控制
  • 批准号:
    BB/K000489/1
  • 财政年份:
    2012
  • 资助金额:
    $ 82.85万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
How males respond to rivals: an integrated study of molecular mechanisms and fitness consequences
男性如何应对竞争对手:分子机制和健身后果的综合研究
  • 批准号:
    BB/H002499/1
  • 财政年份:
    2010
  • 资助金额:
    $ 82.85万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
Genomic responses to mating signals
对交配信号的基因组反应
  • 批准号:
    BB/H008047/1
  • 财政年份:
    2010
  • 资助金额:
    $ 82.85万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
The mating 'gifts' of D. melanogaster males: functions and fitness effects of male seminal fluid accessory gland proteins
雄性黑腹果蝇的交配“礼物”:雄性精液附属腺蛋白的功能和健身效应
  • 批准号:
    BBS/B/06202/2
  • 财政年份:
    2007
  • 资助金额:
    $ 82.85万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant

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