Community collective action to respond to climate change influencing the environment-health nexus

气候变化是一种持续的、悄悄蔓延的环境影响因素，在各个社区产生各种不同的多尺度影响。气候变化促使生态系统发生变化，涉及根深蒂固的长期脆弱性，包括与热应激、传染病和食品系统相关的危害。在全球各地的不同环境中，由于政府和企业等正式机构行动不力，基层组织正在采取主动，进行环境监测，并参与与气候变化相关的行动。作为非营利组织，通常是非正式的，资源有限，这些组织面临着经典的集体行动问题，即激励成员在更广泛的系统(如市场和政府)之外做出贡献，并拥有惩罚或奖励行动的影响力。我们建议研究以志愿者为基础的本地团体如何自组织起来应对气候变化及其环境影响，以便为能够充分应对热应激、传染病和食品系统变化的正式和非正式卫生系统做出贡献。在合作伙伴先前研究的基础上，我们将对美国(阿拉斯加)和特立尼达和多巴哥(加勒比海)的公民科学和非营利组织进行抽样，以提供对气候变化有类似担忧的地点的对比。与这些小组合作，我们不仅将研究经过几年发展和行动的成功组织，还将研究最近成立的和不成功的小组的样本。处于生命周期这些不同阶段的群体将提供比较控制，并避免数据偏向，如果我们只研究寿命较长的群体，则会发生这种情况。方法将使用半结构化定性访谈、焦点小组和参与性发展练习的组合。后者将利用参与性农村评估，利用资源图、梦想图、变化图、问题配对排名和社区走访等过程，考虑对农村评估的批评。调查结果将包括关于有助于支持其自身健康和保健系统的基层群体的生存和有效性的特征的建议。将为可能寻求为基层团体提供资金的政府(或准政府)和私营部门机构的筹资战略提供建议。

Climate change is an ongoing, creeping environmental influencer producing a wide variety of multi-scalar effects across communities. Climate change drives ecosystem changes intersecting deep-rooted, chronic vulnerabilities, including to hazards related to heat stress, infectious disease, and food systems. In diverse settings across the globe, and often as a result of inadequate action by formal institutions like governments and businesses, grassroots organizations are taking initiatives to conduct environmental monitoring and to engage in climate change-related actions. Being non-profit, often informal, and with limited resources, these organizations face classic collective action problems of incentivizing members to contribute outside of wider systems, such as markets and governments, with the clout to punish or reward actions.We propose to study how volunteer-based, local groups self-organize to respond to climate change and its environmental impacts in order to contribute to health systems, formal and informal, which can adequately address changes to heat stress, infectious disease, and food systems. Building on prior research from the partners, we will sample citizen science and non-profit groups based in the US (Alaska) and Trinidad and Tobago (Caribbean) in order to provide a contrast of locations with similar concerns about climate change. Working with these groups, we will study not only successful organizations that have grown and acted over several years, but also sample recently formed and unsuccessful groups. Groups at these varying stages of their life cycles will provide comparative controls, and avoid biasing the data, as would occur if we studied only groups that were long lived.The method will use a combination of semi-structured qualitative interviews, focus groups, and participatory development exercises. The latter will draw on participatory rural appraisal, factoring in the critiques of it, using processes such as resource maps, dream maps, change maps, pair-wise ranking of issues, and community walk-throughs. The findings will include recommendations as to the features that contribute to the survival and effectiveness of grassroots groups supporting their own health and health systems. Recommendations will be provided for funding strategies for governmental (or quasi-governmental) and private sector institutions that may seek to fund grassroots groups.