EYE MOVEMENTS IN ALCOHOLISM AND INDIVIDUALS AT RISK FOR ALCOHOLISM

酗酒时的眼球运动和有酗酒风险的个体

• 批准号: 6097541
• 负责人: Daniel W Hommer
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON ALCOHOL ABUSE AND ALCOHOLISM
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6097541
• 关键词: alcoholism /alcohol abuse; attention; attention deficit disorder; child (0-11); clinical research; cognition; disease /disorder proneness /risk; family genetics; frontal lobe /cortex; human subject; saccades; schizophrenia; short term memory; smooth pursuit eye movement

The study of human eye movements provides an extremely useful approach to the examination of a variety of cognitive functions. It is obvious that the latency and goal of saccadic eye movements are related to attention. What is not so obvious is that other aspects of cognition such as short-term memory, preparatory set, and inhibition of context inappropriate responses can also be assessed using eye movement techniques. Short-term memory, preparatory set, and inhibition of context inappropriate responses constitute core functions of the prefrontal cortex, the brain region most involved in the control of higher order cognitive processes. We have used a number of different tasks to elicit saccades, including Go/No Go tasks and delayed response tasks. These tasks allow us to independently assess core functions of the prefrontal cortex by measuring the accuracy and latency of memory guided saccades, as well as the frequency of context inappropriate saccades that should be inhibited. Using these tasks we have demonstrated that schizophrenics are impaired in all three core aspects of prefrontal cortex function while children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are impaired in only their ability to inhibit context inappropriate saccades. During the past year we have demonstrated that, similar to children with ADHD, alcoholics are impaired in their ability to inhibit context inappropriate saccades. The smooth pursuit eye movements of alcoholics are completely normal. We have also expanded the number of alcoholics studied and examined eye movements in children who have an increased risk for alcoholism, such as children with a past history of abuse. These children show a pattern of eye movement dysfunction similar to what we have observed in ADHD.

对人眼运动的研究提供了 非常有用的方法来检查各种 认知功能。很明显，延迟和目标 眼跳运动与注意力有关。什么不是这样 显而易见的是，认知的其他方面，例如短期 记忆、准备组和不适当情境的抑制 还可以使用眼动技术来评估反应。 短期记忆、准备组和情境抑制 不恰当的反应构成了前额叶的核心功能 皮质，最参与高阶控制的大脑区域 认知过程。我们使用了许多不同的任务来 引发眼跳，包括执行/不执行任务和延迟响应 任务。这些任务使我们能够独立评估核心功能 通过测量前额皮质的准确性和延迟 记忆引导的扫视，以及上下文的频率 应该抑制的不适当的眼跳。使用这些任务 我们已经证明精神分裂症患者在所有三个方面均受到损害 儿童前额皮质功能的核心方面 注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）在以下方面受到损害 只有它们能够抑制上下文不适当的眼跳。期间 去年我们已经证明，与患有以下疾病的儿童类似 多动症、酗酒者抑制情境的能力受损 不适当的眼跳。流畅的追踪眼球运动 酗酒是完全正常的。我们还扩大了 研究和检查眼球运动的酗酒者数量 酗酒风险较高的儿童，例如儿童 有虐待史。这些孩子表现出一种眼睛的模式 运动功能障碍类似于我们在多动症中观察到的情况。