FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF EMOTION AS RELATED TO ALCOHOLISM

与酗酒相关的情绪功能磁共振成像

• 批准号: 6431363
• 负责人: Daniel W Hommer
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON ALCOHOL ABUSE AND ALCOHOLISM
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6431363
• 关键词: alcoholism /alcohol abuse; amygdala; clinical research; entorhinal cortex; frontal lobe /cortex; functional magnetic resonance imaging; human subject; neurophysiology; nucleus accumbens; olfactions; olfactory stimulus; positron emission tomography

Much of the recent work in the neurobiology of emotion has divided emotion into two categories of positive and negative emotion. Positive emotions involving high levels of arousal often occur in the context of the anticipation of reward, while negative emotions involving high levels of arousal often occur in the context of the anticipation of punishment. Thus, we have sought to characterize neural activity associated with the anticipation of rewards and punishments. Comparative studies have implicated a ventral forebrain dopaminergic path in the anticipation of reward. We aimed primarily to replicate our work from FY 1999, which verified activation of these areas during monetarily rewarded approach and avoidance behavior in humans. In addition, we examined whether these ventral forebrain areas were activated prior to motor behavior, specifically, during anticipation of reward and punishment, as opposed to during responses for reward and punishment. Twelve healthy right-handed females (age 20-40) participated in 10-minute approach and active avoidance tasks in counterbalanced order. During the approach task, subjects saw a cue indicating that they could either win money or not, waited a variable delay, and then pressed a button in response presentation of a target. If subjects responded before the target following the reward cue disappeared, they won $1.00, whereas their response to the neutral target did not affect their total. During the active avoidance task, subjects were given $20.00 and responded to targets that followed either a punishment cue or a neutral cue. If they failed to respond before the disappearance of the target following the punishment cue, they lost $1.00, whereas their response to the neutral target again did not affect their total. 200 T2*-weighted gradient echoplanar MR volumes depicting BOLD-contrast were acquired using a 1.5 Tesla GE Signa System. The volume consisted of 10 slices spanning the corpus callosum (voxel size; 3.8 X 3.8 X 7.0 mm, TR: 3000 ms). After correcting for in-plane motion, individual voxel activations were correlated with an ideal waveform corresponding to the expected activation time course using AFNI. The ideal waveform consisted of the task On-Off waveform convoluted with the hemodynamic response function. Significant voxels (r > .30, p < .0001) were highlighted on the functional images. Similar to results found in our previous male sample, group analysis indicated that anticipation of reward activated striatal areas (caudate, putamen) and mesial forebrain areas (anterior cingulate, mesial prefrontal cortex, and thalamic regions). Anticipation of punishment also activated these regions relative to anticipation of no monetary outcome. However, anticipation of reward but not punishment produced activation in the left nucleus accumbens and regions of the medial forebrain bundle near the ventral tegmental area. These results extend our previous findings with men and suggest that projections from the ventral tegmental area including the nucleus accumbens may play a selective role in the anticipation of reward.

最近情绪神经生物学的许多研究都将情绪分为积极情绪和消极情绪两类。涉及高水平唤醒的积极情绪通常发生在预期奖励的背景下，而涉及高水平唤醒的消极情绪通常发生在预期惩罚的背景下。因此，我们试图描述与奖励和惩罚预期相关的神经活动。比较研究表明，腹侧前脑多巴胺能通路与奖赏预期有关。我们的主要目标是复制我们从1999财年开始的工作，该工作验证了人类在金钱奖励的接近和回避行为中这些区域的激活。此外，我们研究了这些腹侧前脑区域是否在运动行为之前被激活，特别是在奖励和惩罚的预期期间，而不是在奖励和惩罚的反应期间。12名健康的右撇子女性（年龄20-40岁）参加了10分钟的方法和主动回避任务的平衡秩序。在接近任务中，受试者看到一个提示，表明他们可以赢钱或不，等待一个可变的延迟，然后按下一个按钮，以响应呈现的目标。如果受试者在目标消失之前做出反应，他们会赢得1美元，而他们对中性目标的反应不会影响他们的总数。在主动回避任务中，受试者被给予20.00美元，并对遵循惩罚线索或中性线索的目标做出反应。如果他们在目标消失之前没有做出反应，他们会损失1美元，而他们对中性目标的反应不会影响他们的总数。使用1.5特斯拉GE Signa系统采集200个T2* 加权梯度回波平面MR容积，描绘BOLD对比度。该体积由跨越胼胝体的10个切片组成（体素大小; 3.8 X 3.8 X 7.0 mm，TR：3000 ms）。校正平面内运动后，使用AFNI将个体体素激活与对应于预期激活时间过程的理想波形相关联。理想的波形包括与血流动力学响应函数卷积的任务开-关波形。在功能图像上突出显示显著体素（r > .30，p < .0001）。与我们之前在男性样本中发现的结果相似，群体分析表明，对奖励的预期激活了纹状体区域（尾状核、壳核）和内侧前脑区域（前扣带回、内侧前额叶皮层和丘脑区域）。相对于没有金钱结果的预期，对惩罚的预期也激活了这些区域。然而，预期的奖励，而不是惩罚产生激活的左侧核腹侧被盖区附近的内侧前脑束的区域。这些结果扩展了我们以前对男性的研究结果，并表明腹侧被盖区（包括延髓核）的投射可能在奖励预期中起选择性作用。