Landscape Regeneration Solutions to the Interlinked Extinction and Climate Crises that support Sustainable Development

基于自然的解决方案（NbS*）是对社会挑战的回应，涉及与自然合作，为人类和生物多样性带来好处。它们包括保护现有生态系统，恢复退化的生态系统，以及更可持续地管理耕地。国家统计局在支持英国的净零气候目标和政府在一代人时间内改善环境的雄心方面具有国家战略重要性。它们也具有国际意义：131个国家在其《联合国气候变化框架公约》（UNFCCC）气候变化承诺中纳入了国家统计局。如果设计得当并得到有力实施，国家统计局将为减缓和适应气候变化、增强生物多样性、促进人类福祉和支持经济复苏带来多重效益。面临的挑战是，国家统计局的实施往往是零碎的，重点狭窄，并受到研究/政策/实践联系薄弱的影响。UCam-Regen将通过在实践驱动的分析中运用其广泛的专业知识来解决这一问题，该分析提供了解决NbS实施所面临的几个挑战所需的知识和工具：NbS可以为实现净零排放做出重大贡献，尽管这种贡献的程度受到可用土地数量的限制，并且受到气候变化对生态系统的影响的限制。国家统计局不能替代经济去碳化，必须伴随着迅速、大幅的减排；它们必须与当地社区一起设计，并为当地社区设计；它们必须为生物多样性带来可衡量的效益，并且能够适应气候变化，也就是说，必须采用一种“整体系统方法”——就像UCam-Regen那样——将经济、社会和自然整合在一起。扩大、恢复和保护英国景观中的关键生态系统需要(a)在规划系统中更好地保护自然栖息地；(b)改革农业和林业补贴，以更好地支持有利于气候调节和生物多样性的行动；(c)在新兴的自然恢复网络的基础上，连接不同景观的生境；(d)要求所有新开发项目都必须建立国家统计局框架；(e)在陆地上为自然系统腾出空间，以适应气候变化。有必要制定强有力的指标，以评估各种国家统计局在碳封存、水调节、生物多样性和人类福祉方面的有效性。设计良好的新融资机制，包括符合国家统计局指导方针并支持气候变化减缓、气候变化适应和生物多样性的生态系统管理税收优惠和公共补贴，可能有助于在英国和全球范围内扩大国家统计局规模，提高社会生态对气候变化的适应能力。UCam-Regen通过应用整体系统方法提供必要的知识和工具来解决这些挑战，从而使用NbS方法再生英国景观。该提案的核心是认识到当地社区必须参与有关其景观未来的决策和共同生产解决方案，并通过对最佳景观管理方法的科学评估来最大限度地提供生态系统服务。*我们从Coomes教授领导的COP26大学网络简报中采纳政策建议和定义https://www.gla.ac.uk/media/Media_790171_smxx.pdf

Nature-based solutions (NbS*) are responses to societal challenges that involve working with nature to deliver benefits for both people and biodiversity. They include protecting existing ecosystems, restoring degraded ecosystems and managing working lands more sustainably. NbS are of national strategic importance in supporting the UK's net zero climate targets and the Government's ambition to improve the environment within a generation. They have gained international significance too: 131 countries include NbS in their UNFCCC climate change pledges. If well designed and robustly implemented, NbS will deliver multiple benefits for climate change mitigation and adaptation, enhance biodiversity, promote human wellbeing and support economic recovery. The challenge is that the implementation of NbS is often piecemeal, narrow in focus, and undermined by weak research/policy/practice connections. UCam-Regen will redress this problem by applying its breadth of expertise in a practically driven analysis that provides the knowledge and tools needed to address several challenges facing the delivery of NbS:NbS can contribute significantly to achieving net zero emissions, although the extent of that contribution is limited by the finite amount of land available and critically by the effects of climate change on ecosystems. NbS are not an alternative to decarbonising the economy and must be accompanied by swift, deep emissions cuts; they must be designed with and for local communities; and they must deliver measurable benefits for biodiversity and be designed to be resilient to climate change i.e. a 'whole systems approach' must be applied - as in UCam-Regen - that integrates economies, societies, and nature. Scaling up, restoration and protection of key ecosystems across UK landscapes requires (a) better protection of natural habitats in the planning system; (b) reforming agriculture and forestry subsidies to better support actions that benefit both climate regulation and biodiversity; (c) connecting habitats across landscapes, building on the emerging Nature Recovery Networks; (d) making it compulsory to build an NbS framework into all new developments, and (e) making space on land for natural systems to adapt to climate change. There is a need to develop robust metrics to assess the effectiveness of a wide range of NbS for carbon sequestration, water regulation, biodiversity and human wellbeing. Well-designed new financing mechanisms, including tax incentives and public subsidies for ecosystem stewardship that meet the NbS guidelines and support climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation and biodiversity, could be instrumental for upscaling NbS and improving social-ecological resilience to climate change, both in the UK and globally. UCam-Regen addresses these challenges by applying a whole systems approach to deliver knowledge and tools necessary to regenerate UK landscapes using NbS approaches. At the heart of the proposal is a recognition that local communities must be engaged with decisions regarding their landscape's future and co-produce solutions, informed by scientific assessments of the optimal landscape management approaches to maximise the delivery of ecosystem services.*We take policy recommendation and definitions from a COP26 Universities Network Briefing led by Prof Coomes https://www.gla.ac.uk/media/Media_790171_smxx.pdf