Economic benefits of pollination to global food systems - Evidence and knowledge gaps

授粉对全球粮食系统的经济效益 - 证据和知识差距

• 批准号: NE/W007452/1
• 负责人: Simon Potts
• 金额: $ 4.87万
• 依托单位: University of Reading
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FW007452%2F1
• 关键词: Economic; benefits; pollination; global; food

Pollination by bees and other animals is crucial to the production of 75% of the worlds crops, including many that are widely traded around the world, such as coffee, cocoa and rapseeed. By increasing crop production, pollinators help ensure the functioning of many global food systems. However, human activity within those food systems often has negative effects on pollinators, decreasing stocks of "pollinator natural capital" (populations of animals that provide pollination services) and disrupting the flow of pollination services to crops and other beneficial plants. This has resulted in farmers losing out on millions of $ in production because their yields are limited by insufficient pollination. Concerns over pollinator declines have been growing among national and global policy makers with high profile case studies such as the IPBES pollinator and global assessments, the UK's Dasgupta Review and the EU's INCA accounting report, all highlighting the need to value pollinator natural capital and pollination services for accounting and decision making. To date, much of the work on valuing pollination services has only focused on the value of the service itself to farmers and their immediate buyers (e.g. supermarkets), often focusing heavily on developed, temperate nations. As such, we know very little about i) global stocks of pollinators, ii) the relationship between stocks and pollination services or iii) the relative risks that different countries or actors within the global food system face from pollinator losses.Our project will address these issues by synthesising published academic literature, globally available economic data and new critical analyses to produce: i) a detailed outline of the benefits of pollinators to food systems, ii) an evaluation of the importance of pollination to globalised food systems and risks of economically significant pollinator losses, iii) review methods for quantifying and mapping pollinator natural capital, iv) comprehensive guide to the existing methods and knowledge on the value of pollination, and v) a review of the methods and data needs for better evaluating the impacts of pollination to the whole food system. In addition to two high quality academic publications, we will also collaborate with an experienced scientific artist to produce accessible materials for policy and businesses. Although the importance of pollination has been discussed in international (e.g IPBES) and UK policy (e.g. the Dasgupta review), and in natural capital research (e.g. VNN's state of natural capital report), it is rarely actually valued in a manner useful for decision making and accounting. By taking a whole food system approach and integrating both ecological and economic risks, our work will build on the information from the IPBES pollinators report and the Dasgupta review to produce the most comprehensive appraisal of the value of pollination available anywhere globally. Our work will help policymakers, academics and business to address challenges in measuring and valuing pollinators and pollination across the whole food system, identify parts of the world that are at high risks for pollinator losses, and highlight.

蜜蜂和其他动物的花粉对世界上75%的作物的生产至关重要，其中包括许多在世界各地广泛交易的作物，如咖啡，可可和油菜籽。通过增加作物产量，授粉者帮助确保许多全球粮食系统的运作。然而，人类在这些食物系统中的活动往往对授粉者产生负面影响，减少了“授粉者自然资本”（提供授粉服务的动物种群）的存量，扰乱了向农作物和其他有益植物提供的授粉服务。这导致农民损失了数百万美元的生产，因为他们的产量受到授粉不足的限制。国家和全球政策制定者对传粉媒介减少的担忧日益加剧，他们进行了一些备受瞩目的案例研究，如政府间科学政策平台的传粉媒介和全球评估、英国的Dasgupta评论和欧盟的印加会计报告，所有这些案例都强调需要为会计和决策对传粉媒介自然资本和传粉服务进行估值。到目前为止，授粉服务估值工作的大部分只侧重于服务本身对农民及其直接购买者（如超级市场）的价值，往往主要侧重于发达的温带国家。因此，我们对以下问题知之甚少：i）全球传粉媒介的存量，ii）传粉媒介存量与传粉服务之间的关系，iii）全球粮食系统中不同国家或参与者面临传粉媒介损失的相对风险。我们的项目将通过综合已发表的学术文献、全球可用的经济数据和新的批判性分析来解决这些问题，以产生：i）详细概述传粉者对粮食系统的益处，ii）评估传粉对全球化粮食系统的重要性和传粉者损失的经济风险，iii）审查传粉者自然资本的量化和绘图方法，iv）关于授粉价值的现有方法和知识的综合指南，以及v）审查更好地评估授粉对整个粮食系统影响的方法和数据需求。除了两份高质量的学术出版物外，我们还将与一位经验丰富的科学艺术家合作，为政策和企业制作可访问的材料。虽然授粉的重要性已经在国际（如IPBES）和英国政策（如Dasgupta审查）以及自然资本研究（如VNN的自然资本状况报告）中进行了讨论，但实际上很少对决策和会计有用的方式进行评估。通过采取整个食物系统的方法并整合生态和经济风险，我们的工作将以IPBES授粉者报告和Dasgupta审查的信息为基础，对全球任何地方的授粉价值进行最全面的评估。我们的工作将帮助政策制定者、学者和企业应对在整个粮食系统中测量和评估传粉者和授粉的挑战，确定世界上传粉者损失风险高的地区，并突出强调。