NAVIGATE: Understanding NAture's multiple Values for InteGrATion into dEcisions

人类活动正在直接和间接地消耗世界自然资源。与此同时，我们的生计和福祉依赖于这些资源。因此，需要采取紧急行动，更好地管理我们对自然界的影响。驱动这些负面影响的一个关键因素是，人们、企业和政府做出的决定往往基于一套有限的自然价值观，而这些价值观往往与经济市场挂钩。在生物多样性经济学中，这些价值被称为“工具”价值：人们从自然中获得的商品和服务的主要货币利益。然而，对自然价值的全球评估还确定了其他几个“非工具性”价值概念，其中包括：关系价值(我们与自然的关系所具有的价值)；先验价值(我们的首要原则和生活目标)；共享价值(由群体、社区和文化表达的集体价值)；以及内在价值(独立于人类福祉的自然价值)。导航旨在加强我们对这些非工具价值概念的理解，并探索如何将这些价值更好地整合到经济思维和政策决策中。我们的研究将对“非工具性”价值概念进行详细的回顾。我们将利用一系列科学观点，进一步明确这些价值概念的定义，如何衡量它们(使用货币和其他指标)，以及如何最好地将它们整合到政策和商业决策中。我们还将询问决策者，他们目前是否考虑这些价值观，如果没有，他们认为他们可以如何纳入这些价值观。在此基础上，我们将制定评估这些价值的方法，并将其纳入政策。为了检验我们的想法，我们将把我们的方法应用于四个案例研究，这些案例研究将评估与森林和林地相关的非工具性价值。我们的案例研究包括：英国国家森林；威尔士最近种植的用于储存碳、减少洪水和促进户外娱乐的新林地；芬兰赫尔辛基市的城市林地；以及坦桑尼亚向英国市场提供木材产品的保护性林地。在当地利益攸关方和政策制定者的帮助下，我们将探索各种备选办法，通过一系列现有和新的方法，如成本效益分析、自然资本核算和协商民主估值，将我们与我们的案例研究森林/林地价值有关的调查结果纳入实际决策。传统的经济措施往往只考虑自然的工具价值，但有人认为，如果这些政策也考虑到更广泛的价值范围，包括以货币和非货币形式表示的非工具价值，就可以为我们的星球做出更好的决定。我们的研究成果将包括：将非工具性价值纳入决策的一系列科学论文和政策指导文件。我们还将制作视频和信息图表，向公众解释我们的研究的影响。

Human activities are directly and indirectly depleting the World's natural resources. At the same time, we rely on these resources for our livelihoods and well-being. Urgent action is thus needed to better manage our impact on the natural world. A key factor driving these negative impacts is that the decisions that people, businesses and governments make tend to be based on a limited set of nature's values that tend to be linked to economic markets. In biodiversity economics, these values are called 'instrumental' values: the predominantly monetary benefits of goods and services people obtain from nature. However, the global assessment on the value of nature has identified several other 'non-instrumental' value concepts, which include: relational values (the value we have for our relationships with nature); transcendental values (our overarching principles and life goals); shared values (collective values that expressed by groups, communities and cultures); and intrinsic values (values for nature independent of human welfare). NAVIGATE aims to enhance our understanding of these non-instrumental value concepts and explore how these values might be better integrated into economic thinking and policy decisions. Our research will undertake detailed reviews of the 'non-instrumental' value concepts. We will draw on a range of scientific perspectives to provide greater clarity on definitions of these value concepts, how they might be measured (using both monetary and other indicators) and how they might best be integrated into policy and business decisions. We will also ask decision makers whether they currently consider these values, and if not, how they think they could incorporate them. Based on the above, we will develop methods for assessing these values and feeding them into policies. To test our ideas, we will apply our methods to four case studies that will value the non-instrumental values associated with forests and woodlands. Our case studies include: the UK national forest; a new woodland that has recently been planted in Wales to store carbon, reduce flooding and promote outdoor recreation; urban woodland in the City of Helsinki, Finland; and conservation woodlands in Tanzania that provide timber products to the UK market. With the help of local stakeholders and policy makers, we will explore options to feed our findings relating to the value of our case study forests / woodland into actual policy decisions, through a range of existing and new approaches, such as cost-benefit analysis, natural capital accounting and deliberative democratic valuations. Conventional economic measures tend to only consider the instrumental values of nature, but it has been argued that better decisions could be made for our planet if the policies also account for a wider range of values including non-instrumental values, expressed in both monetary and non-monetary terms. The outputs from our research will include: a series of scientific papers and policy guidance documents for embedding non-instrumental values into decisions. We will also produce a video and infographics to explain the implications of our research to the public.