Collider Physics at the LHC

大型强子对撞机物理学

• 批准号: ST/G004544/2
• 负责人: Christopher White
• 金额: $ 16.77万
• 依托单位: University of Glasgow
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2010 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FG004544%2F2
• 关键词: Collider; Physics; LHC

My research focuses predominantly on collider physics, namely what one expects to see inside a particle accelerator. Such experiments have been in use for many decades, and current machines (such as the forthcoming Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, near Geneva) are probing higher energies than ever before. In order to understand what happens in these experiments, detailed calculations are necessary in order to determine how the various particles involved interact. In the LHC, protons are collided together to create a localised concentration of very high energy, out of which new particles emerge. One such particle is the so-called top quark, first discovered in 1995. This is the heaviest known particle in our current description of particle physics (known as the Standard Model), and many of its properties are still poorly understood. The calculation and measurement of its behaviour are important for two main reasons. Firstly, we would like to complete our understanding of its properties. Secondly, it is strongly believed that new physics exists beyond the current Standard Model, and that the LHC will be pivotal in uncovering this. There are strong motivations for believing that this new physics will affect the behaviour of the top quark. Thus, detailed calculation of its properties as presently understood, together with investigation of how various ideas for theories beyond the Standard Model have an impact on its interactions, are necessary tasks. I am heavily involved in these calculations, which ultimately take the form of large computer programs used by experimentalists. The output of the LHC is dominated by events which have lots of particles. These arrange themselves in collimated jets, and there can be many of these in each event. In principle the properties of these jets can be calculated using a theory called Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), the part of the Standard Model that explains the behaviour of the quarks and gluons which collectively make up protons. However, it is extremely difficult to carry out these calculations exactly. I have been involved in the development of a new approximate method for calculating the properties of events containing many jets, which is fast to apply with present computing power. This technique has so far been applied to a process of high topical interest - the production of a Higgs boson, a particle thought to be responsible for the origin of mass. Being able to calculate the properties of how the Higgs is produced allows us to efficiently search for this particle, as well as measure its properties.

我的研究主要集中在对撞机物理学上，也就是人们期望在粒子加速器内看到的东西。这样的实验已经使用了几十年，目前的机器（如即将在日内瓦附近的欧洲核子研究中心（CERN）的大型强子对撞机（LHC））正在探测比以往任何时候都更高的能量。为了理解这些实验中发生了什么，需要进行详细的计算，以确定所涉及的各种粒子如何相互作用。在大型强子对撞机中，质子碰撞在一起，产生一个非常高能量的局部集中，从中产生新的粒子。其中一种粒子就是1995年首次发现的所谓顶夸克。这是我们目前对粒子物理学的描述（称为标准模型）中已知的最重的粒子，它的许多性质仍然知之甚少。由于两个主要原因，其行为的计算和测量是重要的。首先，我们想完成我们对它的属性的理解。其次，人们坚信新的物理学存在于当前的标准模型之外，而LHC将是揭示这一点的关键。人们有强烈的动机相信，这种新的物理学将影响顶夸克的行为。因此，详细计算目前所理解的它的性质，以及研究标准模型之外的各种理论如何影响它的相互作用，是必要的任务。我大量参与了这些计算，这些计算最终以实验者使用的大型计算机程序的形式出现。LHC的输出主要是由具有大量粒子的事件控制的。它们排列成平行的喷流，在每一个事件中可以有许多这样的喷流。原则上，这些喷流的性质可以使用称为量子色动力学（QCD）的理论来计算，这是标准模型的一部分，解释了共同组成质子的夸克和胶子的行为。然而，精确地进行这些计算是极其困难的。我参与了一种新的近似方法的开发，用于计算包含许多喷流的事件的属性，以目前的计算能力，这种方法可以快速应用。到目前为止，这项技术已经被应用于一个高度热门的过程-希格斯玻色子的产生，希格斯玻色子被认为是质量起源的粒子。能够计算希格斯粒子产生的性质使我们能够有效地寻找这种粒子，并测量其性质。

项目成果

The MCaNLO 4.0 Event Generator

MCaNLO 4.0 事件生成器

• 作者: Frixione Stefano

Infrared approach to Reggeization

红外方法进行调整

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.85.071104
• 发表时间: 2012
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Del Duca V

The infrared structure of gauge theory amplitudes in the high-energy limit

高能极限规范理论振幅的红外结构

• DOI: 10.1007/jhep12(2011)021
• 发表时间: 2011
• 期刊: Journal of High Energy Physics
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: Del Duca V

On next-to-eikonal exponentiation

关于次幂求幂

• DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2010.09.003
• 发表时间: 2010
• 期刊: Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements
• 作者: Laenen E

Next-to-eikonal corrections to soft gluon radiation: a diagrammatic approach

• DOI: 10.1007/jhep01(2011)141
• 发表时间: 2010-10
• 期刊: Journal of High Energy Physics
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: E. Laenen;L. Magnea;G. Stavenga;Chris D. White