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Edinburgh Nuclear Physics Group Consolidated Grant Proposal

爱丁堡核物理小组综合赠款提案

基本信息

批准号：
ST/J00006X/1
负责人：
Philip J Woods
金额：
$ 161.5万
依托单位：
University of Edinburgh
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2011 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FJ00006X%2F1
关键词：
Edinburgh Nuclear Physics Group Consolidated

项目摘要

The chemical elements we observe today were mostly created from the ashes of ancient stellar explosions. The most spectacular events of this type are supernovae. With very high sensitivity modern telescopes we can study the chemical abundances of material ejected from distant supernovae and compare with those abundances found in our own solar system. Understanding how extreme astrophysical events produce the stable elements observed today in telescopes, and meteorites, depends critcially on the properties of unstable exotic nuclei which were originally present in the extreme high temperature and density stellar environments in which the elements were forged, before ultimately decaying back to the stability. We are lucky that now we have the tools with modern accelerators and detector systems to study these exotic nuclei and their reactions for the first time. Exotic nuclei can exhibit remarkable properties, possessing different microscopic shell structure compared with isotopes found in nature. At the extremes of nuclear existence, known as the drip-lines, nuclei can decay by emitting their constituent nucleons. This is a very basic quantum tunneling process, whose rate is remarkably sensitive to the shape of the nuclear surface. Some nuclei can possess more than one stable shape, a phenomenon known as shape coexistence, which represents a unique laboratory to study the influence of shapes on quantum tunnelling. In the case of neutron emission, so-called 1-neutron radioactivity has yet to be discovered at all, although it might be observable in experiments from the decay of exotic metastable states in regions of very neutron-rich nuclei, such as are produced in supernovae explosions. While assemblies of nucleons in nuclei behave in remarkable ways, there are also many questions about how the nucleons themselves are formed.This is a very exciting field that naturally leads to consideration of the roles of quarks inside the nucleons themselves, and other bound quark systems. Exciting possibilities exist in the coming decade to obtain a more fundamental understanding of the processes involved ,based on modern theories such as Quantum Chromo Dynamics (QCD). Such theories suggest the existence of remarkable undiscovered particles called glueballs, and quark-gluon hybrids; we will search for these in future experiments. The Edinburgh Group uses its world-leading expertise to develop advanced silicon strip detector and instrumentation systems that are used for key scientific experiments at major international accelerator facilities, by group members, UK scientists and International collaborators. This is a vital technology for the scientific exploitation of new generation Radoactive Ion Beam facilities, and is a field where the UK has a world lead using products jointly developed with UK firms.

我们今天观察到的化学元素大多是由古代恒星爆炸的灰烬产生的。这种类型的最壮观的事件是超新星。利用非常高灵敏度的现代望远镜，我们可以研究从遥远的超新星喷射出的物质的化学丰度，并与我们太阳系中发现的丰度进行比较。理解极端天体物理事件是如何产生今天在望远镜和陨石中观测到的稳定元素的，关键取决于不稳定的外来核的性质，这些核最初存在于极端高温和密度的恒星环境中，在这些元素被锻造之前，最终衰变回到稳定状态。我们很幸运，现在我们有了现代化的加速器和探测器系统来研究这些奇异的原子核和它们的反应。外来核可以表现出非凡的性质，与自然界中发现的同位素相比，具有不同的微观壳结构。在核存在的极端情况下，即所谓的滴线，原子核可以通过释放其组成原子核而衰变。这是一个非常基本的量子隧穿过程，其速率对核表面的形状非常敏感。一些原子核可以拥有不止一种稳定的形状，这种现象被称为形状共存，它代表了一个独特的实验室来研究形状对量子隧道效应的影响。在中子发射的例子中，所谓的1中子放射性还没有被发现，尽管在实验中可以从中子非常丰富的核区域的外来亚稳态衰变中观察到，比如在超新星爆炸中产生的。虽然核子在原子核内的集合以不同寻常的方式表现出来，但关于核子本身是如何形成的也有许多问题。这是一个非常令人兴奋的领域，自然会导致考虑夸克在核子本身和其他束缚夸克系统中的作用。在未来十年中，基于量子色动力学（QCD）等现代理论，对所涉及的过程有更基本的了解，这是令人兴奋的可能性。这些理论表明，存在一种未被发现的粒子，叫做胶球，以及夸克-胶子杂合体；我们将在未来的实验中寻找这些。爱丁堡集团利用其世界领先的专业知识开发先进的硅条探测器和仪器系统，用于主要国际加速器设施的关键科学实验，由集团成员，英国科学家和国际合作者。这是新一代放射性离子束设施科学开发的一项重要技术，英国在使用与英国公司联合开发的产品方面处于世界领先地位。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Low-lying T = 0 states in the odd-odd N = Z nucleus 62Ga

奇奇 N = Z 核 62Ga 中的低位 T = 0 态

DOI：
10.1016/j.physletb.2013.09.054
发表时间：
2013
期刊：
Physics Letters B
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
David H
通讯作者：
David H

The d( 9 Li,p) 10 Li reaction as a tool to explore the 10 Li structure

d( 9 Li,p) 10 Li 反应作为探索 10 Li 结构的工具

DOI：
10.1088/1742-6596/630/1/012019
发表时间：
2015
期刊：
Conference Series
影响因子：
0
作者：
Cavallaro M
通讯作者：
Cavallaro M

Shape dynamics in neutron-rich Kr isotopes: Coulomb excitation of 92Kr, 94Kr and 96Kr

富中子 Kr 同位素的形状动力学：92Kr、94Kr 和 96Kr 的库仑激发

DOI：
10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2013.01.013
发表时间：
2013
期刊：
Nuclear Physics A
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Albers M
通讯作者：
Albers M

First measurement of the polarization observable E and helicity-dependent cross sections in single π0 photoproduction from quasi-free nucleons

DOI：
10.1016/j.physletb.2017.04.079
发表时间：
2017-07-10
期刊：
PHYSICS LETTERS B
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Dieterle, M.;Witthauer, L.;Zana, L.
通讯作者：
Zana, L.

Evidence for a smooth onset of deformation in the neutron-rich Kr isotopes.

DOI：
10.1103/physrevlett.108.062701
发表时间：
2012-02
期刊：
Physical review letters
影响因子：
8.6
作者：
M. Albers;N. Warr;K. Nomura;A. Blazhev;J. Jolie;D. Mücher;B. Bastin;C. Bauer;C. Bernards
通讯作者：
M. Albers;N. Warr;K. Nomura;A. Blazhev;J. Jolie;D. Mücher;B. Bastin;C. Bauer;C. Bernards