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University of the West of Scotland Nuclear Physics Group Consolidated Grant

西苏格兰大学核物理组综合拨款

基本信息

批准号：
ST/J000183/2
负责人：
John Smith
金额：
$ 12.96万
依托单位：
University of the West of Scotland
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2012 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FJ000183%2F2
关键词：
University West Scotland Nuclear Physics

项目摘要

It is almost exactly 100 years since Ernest Rutherford's pioneering experiments which demonstrated the existence of the atomic nucleus. In the century that has followed, landmark developments, such as the inception of the nuclear shell model in the 1940s, the construction of heavy-ion accelerators in the 1960s, and major advances in nuclear-detector techniques, have firmly established nuclear physics as an international activity at the forefront of scientific research. In the past few decades, the quest to understand the properties of exotic nuclei ever further from the valley of stability has led to considerable experimental progress. The programme of research described in this Consolidated Grant application covers research into the structure and properties of atomic nuclei that lie far from stability. One of the main aims of our research programme is to achieve a better understanding of the structure and behaviour of exotic nuclei on both the neutron-rich and proton-rich sides of the valley of stability. Recent experimental observations, supported by theoretical calculations, have begun to suggest that the structure of neutron-rich nuclei may be different from those near stability. For example, the well known sequence of magic numbers, corresponding to energy gaps in nuclear shell structure, is now thought to change in nuclei with an extreme excess of neutrons. The evidence for such a change is already convincing around neutron number N=20, and similar effects are expected for the other shell gaps at N=28, 50, and 82. We will study the evolution of shell gaps in neutron-rich nuclei using both gamma-ray and charged-particle spectroscopy techniques. Above mass number A~100, electrostatic repulsion causes stable nuclei to have more neutrons than protons. Proton-rich nuclei just above the doubly-magic Sn100 nucleus are those with near equal numbers of neutrons and protons. These nuclei are known to decay by exotic decay modes such as proton emission. Spectroscopic study of the properties of these decays can give invaluable information about the properties of the nucleus in its ground state and in the first few excited states. Our research programme will include studies of proton-rich nuclei around A~110 by investigating their particle decays and by gamma-ray spectroscopy. Another aspect of our research programme will be devoted to studying fission of the nucleus. Fission is a collective mode of decay most commonly associated with heavy nuclei in the uranium region, but in our research we will study the beta-delayed fission of exotic nuclei in the lead region that lie very far from stability (by ~20-25 neutrons) and which have only recently become experimentally accessible with the development of radioactive beams. A study of the properties of beta-delayed fission, such as the mass distributions of the fission fragments, will give important information about nuclear structure and shell effects at low excitation energy. In a related part of our research programme, we will use radioactive At beams to study other nuclear-structure effects such as shape coexistence. Our research programme has several themes which will use different methodologies. Primarily, our experiments will be carried out using state-of-the-art apparatus at large international facilities. Gamma-ray spectroscopy offers one of the best methods of studying the structure of exotic nuclei, and here we will exploit the new AGATA gamma-ray tracking spectrometer at Legnaro National Laboratory, GSI and GANIL. Another part of our research will make use of the Jurogam gamma-ray spectrometer with the RITU recoil separator at Jyväskylä in Finland. Our programme to study beta-delayed fission will make use of beams of radioactive isotopes from the ISOLDE facility at CERN and at the JAEA laboratory in Japan. Furthermore, we will exploit the development of new radioactive beams of astatine at ISOLDE.

距离欧内斯特·卢瑟福证明原子核存在的开创性实验已经过去了几乎整整 100 年。在接下来的一个世纪里，里程碑式的发展，例如 20 世纪 40 年代核壳模型的出现、20 世纪 60 年代重离子加速器的建造以及核探测器技术的重大进步，已经牢固地确立了核物理学作为一项处于科学研究前沿的国际活动。在过去的几十年里，对远离稳定谷的奇异核特性的探索已经取得了相当大的实验进展。该综合拨款申请中描述的研究计划涵盖了对远离稳定的原子核的结构和性质的研究。我们研究计划的主要目标之一是更好地了解稳定谷富中子和富质子两侧的奇异核的结构和行为。最近的实验观察在理论计算的支持下已经开始表明，富中子核的结构可能与接近稳定的核结构不同。例如，众所周知的幻数序列，对应于核壳层结构中的能隙，现在被认为会在中子极度过量的原子核中发生变化。这种变化的证据在中子数 N=20 附近已经令人信服，并且预计 N=28、50 和 82 时的其他壳层间隙也会产生类似的效果。我们将使用伽马射线和带电粒子光谱技术研究富中子核中壳层间隙的演化。质量数 A~100 以上时，静电斥力导致稳定原子核中的中子多于质子。位于双幻 Sn100 核上方的富质子核是那些中子数和质子数几乎相等的核。已知这些原子核会通过奇异的衰变模式（例如质子发射）衰变。对这些衰变特性的光谱研究可以提供有关原子核在基态和最初几个激发态的特性的宝贵信息。我们的研究计划将包括通过研究 A~110 周围的富质子核的粒子衰变和伽马射线光谱来研究它们。我们研究计划的另一个方面将致力于研究原子核裂变。裂变是一种集体衰变模式，最常与铀区域的重核相关，但在我们的研究中，我们将研究先导区域中外来核的 β 延迟裂变，这些核离稳定很远（大约 20-25 个中子），并且随着放射性束的发展，最近才通过实验实现。对β延迟裂变特性（例如裂变碎片的质量分布）的研究将提供有关低激发能下的核结构和壳层效应的重要信息。在我们研究计划的相关部分，我们将使用放射性 At 光束来研究其他核结构效应，例如形状共存。我们的研究计划有几个主题，将使用不同的方法。首先，我们的实验将在大型国际设施中使用最先进的设备进行。伽马射线光谱仪提供了研究奇异核结构的最佳方法之一，在这里我们将利用莱尼亚罗国家实验室、GSI 和 GANIL 的新型 AGATA 伽马射线跟踪光谱仪。我们研究的另一部分将利用芬兰于韦斯屈莱的 Jurogam 伽马射线光谱仪和 RITU 反冲分离器。我们研究 β 延迟裂变的计划将利用欧洲核子研究组织 ISOLDE 设施和日本 JAEA 实验室的放射性同位素束。此外，我们将在 ISOLDE 开发新的砹放射性束。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Spectroscopy of neutron-rich P 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 populated in binary grazing reactions

二元放牧反应中富中子 P 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 的光谱

DOI：
10.1103/physrevc.92.044308
发表时间：
2015
期刊：
Physical Review C
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Chapman R
通讯作者：
Chapman R

Direct observation of the Ba 114 ? Xe 110 ? Te 106 ? Sn 102 triple a -decay chain using position and time correlations

直接观察Ba 114？

DOI：
10.1103/physrevc.94.024314
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
Physical Review C
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Capponi L
通讯作者：
Capponi L

Particle-core coupling in S 37

S 37 中的颗粒-核心耦合

DOI：
10.1103/physrevc.93.044318
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
Physical Review C
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Chapman R
通讯作者：
Chapman R

Direct Evidence of Octupole Deformation in Neutron-Rich ^{144}Ba.

DOI：
10.1103/physrevlett.116.112503
发表时间：
2016-02
期刊：
Physical review letters
影响因子：
8.6
作者：
B. Bucher;S. Zhu;C. Wu;R. Janssens;D. Cline;A. Hayes;M. Albers;A. D. Ayangeakaa;P. Butler-P.-Butle
通讯作者：
B. Bucher;S. Zhu;C. Wu;R. Janssens;D. Cline;A. Hayes;M. Albers;A. D. Ayangeakaa;P. Butler-P.-Butle

Electromagnetic transition rates in the N = 80 nucleus 58 138 Ce

N = 80 核 58 138 Ce 中的电磁跃迁速率