University of the West of Scotland Nuclear Physics Group Consolidated Grant

西苏格兰大学核物理组综合拨款

• 批准号: ST/L005808/1
• 负责人: John Smith
• 金额: $ 48.39万
• 依托单位: University of the West of Scotland
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FL005808%2F1
• 关键词: University; West; Scotland; Nuclear; Physics

It is just over 100 years since Ernest Rutherford's pioneering experiments which demonstrated the existence of the atomic nucleus. In the century that has followed, landmark developments, such as the inception of the nuclear shell model in the 1940s, the construction of heavy-ion accelerators in the 1960s, and major ongoing advances in nuclear-detector techniques, have firmly established nuclear physics as an international activity at the forefront of scientific research. In the past few decades, the quest to understand the properties of exotic nuclei ever further from the valley of stability has led to considerable experimental progress. The programme of research described in this Consolidated Grant application covers research into the structure and properties of atomic nuclei that lie far from stability. The overarching aim of our research programme is to achieve a better understanding of the structure and behaviour of exotic nuclei, on both the neutron-rich and proton-rich sides of the valley of stability, and for heavy nuclei. Recent experimental observations, supported by theoretical calculations, have begun to suggest that the structure of exotic nuclei may be different from nuclei near stability. For example, the well-known sequence of magic numbers, corresponding to energy gaps in nuclear shell structure, is now thought to change in nuclei with an extreme excess of neutrons. The evidence for such a change is already convincing around neutron number N=20, and similar effects are expected for the other shell gaps at N=28, 50, and 82. In order to provide a test of nuclear models, experimental data are needed. In this respect, we will primarily focus our research on two areas of the nuclear chart, close to two doubly-magic nuclei: the proton-rich nuclei around Sn100 (N=Z=50) and the neutron-rich nuclei close to Sn132 (Z=50, N=82). An important consideration in the description of an atomic nucleus is its shape. It is well established that nuclei with filled shells of neutrons and protons are spherical, and nuclei with partially-filled shells can become deformed. Indeed, it is the deformation of the nucleus into a prolate (rugby ball) shape, that leads to rotational excitations. A more exotic form of deformation is when the nucleus takes on a reflection-asymmetric "pear shape". The so-called "octupole deformation" is most prominent in localized regions of the nuclear chart, such as the light actinide region (radium, thorium, uranium nuclei with A~224) and the neutron-rich lanthanides (such as the A~144 barium and cerium nuclei). Although octupole correlations in nuclei have been studied for a number of years, recent developments in accelerator and detector technology will now allow experiments to be performed to provide new insights into this type of deformation. In our research programme, we will make a comprehensive study of octupole correlations in nuclei, focusing on the actinide and lanthanide regions, as well as the proton-rich nuclei near N=Z=56. The mirror-symmetry-violating pear shape allows for the search for physics that is responsible for the existent matter-antimatter symmetry violation. Our research will primarily proceed using different methods of gamma-ray spectroscopy. We will use the best facilities available for the physics goals of the project. For example, we will carry out Coulomb excitation experiments at ISOLDE at CERN, fission-fragment spectroscopy at Institut Laue Langevin in Grenoble, and gamma-ray plus conversion electron spectroscopy with SAGE at JYFL in Jyväskylä, Finland. The funds requested here will provide support for postdoctoral research associates and PhD Students to help carry out this work, as well as funds for travel and subsistence. We have also requested funds to enable world leading theoretical nuclear physicists to visit our group to help with the interpretation of our results, and to provide important theoretical input into our experimental research programme.

距欧内斯特·卢瑟福（Ernest Rutherford）的开创性实验表明存在原子核的实验仅100多年。在随后的世纪中，具有里程碑意义的发展，例如1940年代核壳模型的成立，1960年代的重离子加速器的建设以及核探测技术技术的重大持续进展，首先将核物理学确立为科学研究前领先的国际活动。在过去的几十年中，要了解远离稳定山谷的外来核能的特性的追求导致了实验进步。该合并赠款应用程序中描述的研究计划涵盖了对原子核的结构和特性的研究，而原子核的结构和特性远非稳定。我们的研究计划的总体目的是更好地理解异国核的结构和行为，以及稳定谷的中子富含和质子富含的方面以及重型核。理论计算支持的最新实验观察已经开始表明，外来核的结构可能与核近稳定性不同。例如，众所周知的魔术数序列，与核壳结构中的能量差距相对应，现在被认为在核中的中性过多变化。这种变化的证据已经令人信服，围绕中子数n = 20，预计在n = 28、50和82时的其他壳体间隙也有类似的影响。为了提供核模型的测试，需要实验数据。在这方面，我们将主要将研究重点放在核图表的两个区域上，接近两个双魔力核：质子富含质子的核核能（n = Z = 50）和接近SN132的中子核富含核能（z = 50，n = 82）。在描述原子核的一个重要考虑因素是其形状。众所周知，具有核壳的中子和质子是球形的核壳，并且带有部分填充壳的核可以变形。实际上，正是核us的变形导致旋转兴奋。更奇特的变形形式是核心进行反射 - 对称的“梨形”。所谓的“八极变形”在核图表的局部区域中最为突出，例如光actimide区域（radium，thrium，thorium，Youanium核具有〜224）和富含中子的灯笼（例如A〜144 Barium barium barium and Ceruim核）。尽管已经研究了多年的核八极相关性，但是现在，加速器和检测器技术的最新发展将允许进行实验，以提供有关此类变形的新见解。在我们的研究计划中，我们将对核中的八杆相关性进行全面研究，重点是肌​​动剂和灯笼区域，以及质子丰富的核核N = Z = 56。镜像对称性的珍珠形状可以搜索负责现有的物质 - 抗抗对称对称性的物理。我们的研究将主要使用不同的γ射线光谱法进行。我们将使用最佳的设施用于项目的物理目标。例如，我们将在CERN的Isolde进行库仑兴奋实验，Grenoble的Laue Langevin Institut laue Langevin的裂变裂差光谱，以及gamma-ray Plus转换电子光谱，芬兰Jyväskylä的JYFL在JYFL的SAGE和SAGE。这里要求的资金将为博士后研究助理和博士生提供支持，以帮助执行这项工作，以及用于旅行和自给自足的资金。我们还要求资金使世界能够领导理论核物理学家访问我们的小组，以帮助我们的结果解释，并为我们的实验研究计划提供重要的理论意见。

项目成果

Studies of Re?ection Asymmetry in Heavy Nuclei

重核反射不对称性的研究

• DOI: 10.1088/1402-4896/ad22c9
• 发表时间: 2024
• 期刊: Physica Scripta
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Butler P

Experimental study of the lifetime and phase transition in neutron-rich Zr 98 , 100 , 102

富中子Zr 98 , 100 , 102 寿命和相变的实验研究

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.96.054323
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Physical Review C
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Ansari S

Evolution of Octupole Deformation in Radium Nuclei from Coulomb Excitation of Radioactive ^{222}Ra and ^{228}Ra Beams.

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.042503
• 发表时间: 2020-01
• 期刊: Physical review letters
• 影响因子: 8.6
• 作者: P. Butler;L. Gaffney;P. Spagnoletti;K. Abrahams;M. Bowry;J. Cederkäll;G. de Angelis;H. De Witte;P. Garrett;A. Goldkuhle;C. Henrich;A. Illana;K. Johnston;D. Joss;J. Keatings;N. Kelly;M. Komorowska;J. Konki;T. Kröll;M. Lozano;B. S. Nara Singh;D. O’Donnell;J. Ojala;R. Page;L. Pedersen;C. Raison;P. Reiter;Julia Bella Rodriguez;D. Rosiak;S. Rothe;M. Scheck;M. Seidlitz;T. Shneidman;B. Siebeck;J. Sinclair;J. F. Smith-J. F.-Smith-2127105908;M. Stryjczyk;P. Van Duppen;S. Viñals;V. Virtanen;N. Warr;K. Wrzosek-Lipska;M. Zielińska

Near-yrast excitations in nucleus As 83 : Tracing the p g 9 / 2 orbital in the Ni 78 region

As 83 核中的近 yrast 激发：追踪 Ni 78 区域中的 p g 9 / 2 轨道

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.91.047302
• 发表时间: 2015
• 期刊: Physical Review C
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Baczyk P

Direct Evidence of Octupole Deformation in Neutron-Rich ^{144}Ba.

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.112503
• 发表时间: 2016-02
• 期刊: Physical review letters
• 影响因子: 8.6
• 作者: B. Bucher;S. Zhu;C. Wu;R. Janssens;D. Cline;A. Hayes;M. Albers;A. D. Ayangeakaa;P. Butler-P.-Butle