ASSORTMENT AND TRANSMISSION OF ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO USE

对饮酒和吸烟的配偶相似性的研究发现，这种相关性在程度上是中等到很强的。在定量行为遗传学研究中，对与酒精和烟草相关的行为的分类交配的评估对于获得对遗传和共同环境影响的公正估计至关重要；然而，分类效应很少被考虑在内。此外，许多早期的分类研究缺乏对配偶相似性的替代解释与表型分类的替代解释的全面测试，包括社会同婚。我们建议使用遗传信息性的双胞胎亲属关系设计，包括同卵双胞胎和异卵双胞胎、他们的配偶和后代，以解决分类的机制以及父母-后代传递的模式。这项研究的重点是1977年从138对出生于1911年至1935年之间的瑞典双胞胎及其配偶的人口样本中收集的数据。来自瑞典领养/双胞胎老龄化研究(SATSA)的745对同性双胞胎将增加双胞胎亲属关系样本。对烟酒使用情况的评估是通过自我报告问卷调查进行的。还收集了关于其他物质使用(如咖啡因、镇静剂)和社会经济指标的信息。行为遗传学分析将被用来解决以下六个问题：(1)饮酒和吸烟的配偶相似的分类机制是什么？(2)在不同的模型下，分类对个体烟酒消费差异的遗传和环境贡献的估计有什么影响？(3)饮酒和烟草消费的分类是主要的还是次要的，是教育或其他社会经济因素的分类？(4)是否存在更复杂的物质使用表型，发生在哪种分类上？(5)什么模式的父母-子女传递解释了家庭给出一个适当的分类模型，相似性？(6)共同的遗传和环境影响在多大程度上解释了烟酒消费之间的二元关系？这项研究还将调查潜在的世代和性别差异。

Studies of spouse similarity for alcohol and tobacco consumption find correlations that are moderate to strong in magnitude. The assessment of assortative mating for alcohol- and tobacco-related behaviors is critical for obtaining unbiased estimates of genetic and shared environmental effects in quantitative behavioral genetic studies; however, assortment effects have rarely been taken into account. Furthermore, many earlier studies of assortment lacked comprehensive testing of alternative explanations of spouse similarity to that of phenotypic assortment, including social homogamy. We propose to use a genetically informative twin-kinship design, including monozygotic and dizygotic twins, their spouses, and offspring, to resolve the mechanisms of assortment as well as models of parent-offspring transmission. The study will focus on data collected in 1977 from a population-based sample of 138 Swedish twin pairs and their spouses born between 1911 and 1935. The twin-kinship sample will be augmented with 745 same-sex twin pairs from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA). Assessments of tobacco and alcohol use were made by self-report questionnaire surveys. Information on other substance use (e.g., caffeine, tranquilizers) and socioeconomic indicators was also gathered. Behavioral genetic analyses will be utilized to address the following six questions: (1) What mechanisms of assortment account for spouse similarity for alcohol and smoking consumption? (2) What is the impact of assortment on estimates of genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences on alcohol and tobacco consumption under various models? (3) Is the assortment for alcohol and tobacco consumption primary or does it occur secondarily to assortment for education or other socioeconomic factors? (4) Is there a more complex phenotype of substance use on which assortment takes place? (5) What model of parent-offspring transmission accounts for familial similarity given an appropriate model of assortment? (6) To what relative extent do common genetic and environmental influences account for the bivariate relationship between alcohol and tobacco consumption? This study will also investigate potential generation and gender differences.