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Manchester Nuclear Physics Consolidated Grant Request

曼彻斯特核物理综合拨款申请

基本信息

批准号：
ST/P004423/1
负责人：
Sean J Freeman
金额：
$ 209.73万
依托单位：
University of Manchester
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2017 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FP004423%2F1
关键词：
Manchester Nuclear Physics Consolidated Grant

项目摘要

Nuclear Physics aims to understand the structure and dynamics of nuclear systems. It is the key to understanding the Universe from the first microseconds of its inception when the quark-gluon plasma prevailed, through its history of star and galaxy formation where nuclear reactions play an essential role both in the generation of energy and the creation of elements. The field also has applications that benefit society in diverse areas, from medicine and security to power production, and a strong impact on other fields of science.Atomic nuclei are a unique quantal laboratory in which microscopic as well as mesoscopic features, driven by effective two-body and three-body forces, can be studied. They are complex many-body systems, but often display unexpected regularities and simple excitation patterns that arise from underlying shell structure, pairing and collective modes of excitation. Such properties are also exhibited by simpler mesoscopic systems (for example, metallic clusters, quantum dots, and atomic condensates) the understanding of which draws heavily on techniques developed and honed in nuclear physics. A fundamental challenge is to understand nuclear properties ab-initio from the interplay of the strong, weak, and electromagnetic forces between individual nucleons. In recent years, enormous progress has been made with such programmes for light nuclei. For heavier nuclei, shell, cluster and other beyond mean field many-body techniques, based on effective interactions, provide essential frameworks for correlating experimental data, yet still lack the refinement to reliably predict nuclear properties as one moves more than a few nucleons from well-studied stable nuclei.We plan to make measurements of transfer reactions, particle and gamma decays, state lifetimes, ground-state and isomer properties using lasers, and neutron-induced reactions to yield data with which to study the development of nuclear shapes, the evolution of nuclear structure in exotic isotopes and the reactions important for the s and r nucleosynthetic pathways. We also aim to make connections between the interactions of nucleons and the underlying theory that describes the strong force, Quantum Chromodynamics. Key quantities are the polarisabilities that describe how the structures of nucleons respond to external electric and magnetic fields. We are developing theoretical tools to determine these from experiments on the scattering of photons from hydrogen and other light nuclei. The latter are needed to learn about the the properties of the neutron since it is an unstable particle, and are also interesting for the testing of nuclear forces in few-body systems and for the calculation of muonic atom Lamb shifts.See the Case for Support for more details about the proposed research.

核物理学旨在了解核系统的结构和动力学。它是理解宇宙的关键，从它诞生的第一微秒开始，当夸克-胶子等离子体盛行时，通过它的星星和星系形成的历史，核反应在能量的产生和元素的创造中发挥着至关重要的作用。原子核是一个独特的量子实验室，在有效的二体和三体力的驱动下，可以研究微观和介观的特征。原子核是一个独特的量子实验室，在这个实验室里，可以研究微观和介观的特征，在这个实验室里，原子核的物理性质可以被称为量子力学。它们是复杂的多体系统，但经常显示出意想不到的非线性和简单的激发模式，这些模式来自底层的壳结构、配对和集体激发模式。这种性质也表现在更简单的介观系统（例如，金属团簇，量子点和原子凝聚体）中，对这些系统的理解在很大程度上依赖于核物理中开发和磨练的技术。一个基本的挑战是从单个核子之间的强、弱和电磁力的相互作用从头开始理解核性质。近年来，轻核的这类方案取得了巨大进展。对于更重的核，壳层、团簇和其他基于有效相互作用的超平均场多体技术为关联实验数据提供了必要的框架，但仍然缺乏精确的方法来可靠地预测核性质，因为人们从已经研究得很好的稳定核中移动了几个以上的核子。我们计划测量转移反应，粒子和γ衰变，态寿命，利用激光和中子诱导反应研究基态和异构体性质，以产生数据，研究核形状的发展、外来同位素的核结构演变以及对s和r核合成途径重要的反应。我们的目标也是在核子的相互作用和描述强力的基本理论量子色动力学之间建立联系。关键量是描述核子结构如何响应外部电场和磁场的极化率。我们正在开发理论工具，以确定这些从氢和其他轻原子核的光子散射实验。由于中子是一种不稳定的粒子，因此需要后者来了解中子的性质，并且对于测试少体系统中的核力和计算μ子原子的兰姆位移也很有趣。有关拟议研究的更多详细信息，请参见支持案例。