Origin and processing of water in the early Solar System

早期太阳系中水的起源和处理

• 批准号: ST/P005225/1
• 负责人: Romain Tartese
• 金额: $ 61.44万
• 依托单位: University of Manchester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FP005225%2F1
• 关键词: Origin; processing; water; early; Solar

Liquid water allowed life to develop on the Earth. Yet we are still pondering on fundamental questions such as where does Solar System water come from, and when was it delivered to rocky planets in the inner Solar System? These fascinating issues motivate my interdisciplinary research across Planetary and Earth Sciences. Finding answers on the Earth may prove difficult because our planet's surface has been continuously eroded and recycled since its formation. However, asteroids whizzing around the Solar System, and to which we have access through meteorites found here on the Earth, have preserved vital records of the planet-forming epoch. Through this STFC Ernest Rutherford Fellowship I aim to characterise the water inventory in these planetary building blocks, in order to constrain the origin(s) of water in the Solar System. Eventually, a better understanding of the origin of water in our own Solar System will help interpretation of the recent discoveries of water-bearing planetesimals in extrasolar systems.The formation of our Solar System started some 4.57 billion years ago from the collapse of a dense molecular cloud. From there it took several steps to form rocky planets in the inner Solar System: condensation of dust, agglomeration of cm-sized grains, accretion of 10-100 km-sized planetary embryos, heating and melting of some of these objects, and eventually further collisions leading to the formation of larger planets. The asteroid belt present today between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter contains leftovers of these planetary embryos that never made it to the final planet stage. This asteroid belt is the source of most meteorites found on the Earth. Studying these samples provides us with access to some of the processes that took place during the birth of our Solar System. Different types of meteorites formed at different distances from the Sun, and at slightly different times after the Sun's formation. Some accreted directly from the disc of materials orbiting the young Sun (the chondrite group), and others formed through melting of larger bodies (the achondrite group). Previous studies on water in the early Solar System have focused on the carbonaceous chondrite meteorite group, which contains an abundance of carbon and water. However, the characteristics of water in older groups of meteorites (ordinary chondrites and early-formed achondrites) are poorly understood since very few studies have ever focused on these samples before. Is their water inventory consistent with that of the carbonaceous chondrite groups? How does it compare with comets? Were there previously unrecognised unknown water reservoirs that existed in the early Solar System? Does the isotopic signature of water vary with formation distance from the Sun? I will establish a comprehensive inventory of water in unexplored types of objects formed within 5 million years of the Solar System's formation, and integrate these new data into models of evolution of the early Solar System. My study will provide new constraints on the origin of water in planetary building blocks and its processing during their evolution that eventually led to the formation of rocky planets. This space-related topic is timely as there are several upcoming international space missions that will visit primitive asteroids and collect materials to return to the Earth. I will leverage the excitement and the public interest for space exploration as a fantastic opportunity for engaging people towards Science. To this end I will participate in the numerous outreach activities attended by the Isotope group at the University of Manchester, and communicate my discoveries through its popular 'Earth and Solar System' blog.

液态水使地球上的生命得以发展。然而，我们仍然在思考一些基本问题，比如太阳系的水来自哪里，以及它是何时被输送到内太阳系的岩石行星上的？这些迷人的问题激发了我跨行星和地球科学的跨学科研究。在地球上寻找答案可能很困难，因为我们的星球表面自形成以来一直在不断地被侵蚀和循环。然而，围绕太阳系呼啸而过的小行星，我们可以通过在地球上发现的陨石进入，保存了行星形成时代的重要记录。通过这个STFC欧内斯特·卢瑟福奖学金，我的目标是在这些行星的构建块中增加水的库存，以限制太阳系中水的起源。最终，更好地了解太阳系中水的来源将有助于解释最近在太阳系外发现的含水微行星。太阳系的形成始于大约45.7亿年前，一个致密的分子云的坍塌。从那时起，它采取了几个步骤形成内太阳系的岩石行星：尘埃的凝结，厘米大小的颗粒的凝聚，10 - 100公里大小的行星胚胎的吸积，其中一些物体的加热和熔化，最终进一步碰撞导致更大行星的形成。今天存在于火星和木星轨道之间的小行星带包含了这些行星胚胎的残余物，这些胚胎从未进入行星的最后阶段。这个小行星带是地球上发现的大多数陨石的来源。研究这些样本使我们能够了解太阳系诞生期间发生的一些过程。不同类型的陨石在距离太阳不同的距离形成，并且在太阳形成后的时间略有不同。有些是直接从围绕年轻太阳旋转的物质盘中吸积而成（球粒陨石群），而另一些则是由较大的天体熔化而成（无球粒陨石群）。以前对早期太阳系水的研究主要集中在碳质球粒陨石群，其中含有丰富的碳和水。然而，对较老陨石群（普通陨石和早期形成的无球粒陨石）中的水的特征知之甚少，因为以前很少有研究关注这些样品。它们的水储量是否与碳质球粒陨石群一致？它与彗星相比如何？在早期太阳系中是否存在以前未被认识的未知水库？水的同位素特征是否随距离太阳的距离而变化？我将在太阳系形成后500万年内形成的未被探索的天体类型中建立一个全面的水清单，并将这些新数据整合到早期太阳系演化的模型中。我的研究将提供新的限制，对水的起源在行星的积木和它的处理过程中，他们的演变，最终导致岩石行星的形成。这个与空间有关的主题是及时的，因为有几个即将到来的国际空间任务将访问原始小行星并收集材料返回地球。我将利用公众对太空探索的兴奋和兴趣，作为吸引人们参与科学的绝佳机会。为此，我将参加曼彻斯特大学同位素小组参加的众多外展活动，并通过其受欢迎的“地球和太阳系”博客交流我的发现。

项目成果

Out of rock: A new look at the morphological and geochemical preservation of microfossils from the 3.46 Gyr-old Strelley Pool Formation

脱离岩石：对 3.46 吉里斯特雷池地层微化石形态和地球化学保存的新认识

• DOI: 10.1016/j.precamres.2019.105472
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Precambrian Research
• 影响因子: 3.8
• 作者: Delarue F

Evidence for motility in 3.4 Gyr-old organic-walled microfossils ?

• DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.19.103424
• 发表时间: 2020-05
• 期刊: bioRxiv
• 作者: F. Delarue;S. Bernard;K. Sugitani;F. Robert;R. Tartèse;S. Albers;R. Duhamel;S. Pont;S. Derenne

Data for A 3D Petrofabric Examination of Martian Breccia NWA 11220 via X-ray Computed Microtomography: Evidence for an Impact Lithology.

通过 X 射线计算机显微断层扫描对火星角砾岩 NWA 11220 进行 3D 岩石结构检查的数据：撞击岩性的证据。

• DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8233779
• 发表时间: 2023
• 作者: Goodwin A

A solar wind-derived water reservoir on the Moon hosted by impact glass beads

• DOI: 10.1038/s41561-023-01159-6
• 发表时间: 2023-03
• 期刊: Nature Geoscience
• 影响因子: 18.3
• 作者: Huicun He;J. Ji;Yue Zhang;Sen Hu;Yangting Lin;Hejiu Hui;J. Hao;Ruiying Li;Wei Yang;H. Tian;Chi Zhang;M. Anand;R. Tartèse;L. Gu;Jinhua Li;Di Zhang;Qian Mao;Lihui Jia;Xiaoguang Li;Yi Chen;Li Zhang;H. Ni;Shitou Wu;Hao Wang;Qiuli Li;Huaiyu He;Xianhua Li;Fu-guan Wu

Microfossils with tail-like structures in the 3.4 Gyr old Strelley Pool Formation

• DOI: 10.1016/j.precamres.2021.106187
• 发表时间: 2021-06
• 期刊: Precambrian Research
• 影响因子: 3.8
• 作者: F. Delarue;S. Bernard;K. Sugitani;F. Robert;R. Tartèse;S. Albers;R. Duhamel;S. Pont;S. Derenne