URBAN HEAVY METAL EXPOSURE--ELEMENTAL AND ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF SAMPLES

在20世纪80年代的整个十年中，尽管从 汽油和减少区域工业的铅排放， 港口沉积物中铅和其他金属的浓度仍然很高 在纽约和新泽西。 因此，似乎有一个"失踪"， 或未确认来源的铅在纽约-新泽西州的环境 弥补了传统能源的减少。 潜在 候选者包括工业和焚化炉排放到空气中，饮用水 供水系统和内部和外部油漆。 重金属 通量没有直接监测，因此必须估算 间接的手段。 该项目的目标是确定以前未被承认的城市 环境铅的来源，使用过时的环境样品。 这 战略将使我们能够去卷积的主要来源和途径， 在过去的几十年里， 在以下假设的指导下：1.新一代室外含铅涂料 约克市地区贡献了很大一部分的"失踪"铅 纽约-新泽西港铅含量一直居高不下 沉积物 2.汽油铅从陆地转移到纽约-新 泽西港沉积物是缓慢的（至少10 - 15年）过程， 有助于维持港口沉积物中的高铅浓度。 3. 大部分沉积在纽约-新泽西港的铅 沉积物通过水污染控制工厂。 使用的样本是：1）每周空气中的空气颗粒物 自1966年以来收集和存档的过滤器，2）日期 来自纽约港、海湾和支流的沉积物岩心，3）日期 纽约市水库系统的沉积物岩心，4）来自 公园和桥梁附近的地区，5）从整个 水输送系统（蓄水池到水龙头，特别是自来水， 纽约市环境部 保护已经确定了铅的问题）和6）污水污泥从 纽约市水污染控制厂。 我们将测量Pb 和其它金属浓度（Cr，Cd，V，Cu，Zn，As，Ni，Mn，Sn，Hg， Sr，Ag，Fe，Al，Ti，Ba）和铅同位素指纹 各种来源的铅到纽约市的环境（管道，焊料，污水 排污口、合流污水管溢流、油漆（包括桥梁油漆）， 汽车尾气、燃油、焚化炉和电池行业。 从本研究中获得的数据将提供有关主要电流的信息 城市居民铅暴露的来源。 这些数据将 这对于制定合理的预防暴露策略至关重要。

Throughout the decade of the 1980's, despite the elimination of lead from gasoline and reductions of lead emissions from regional industry, concentrations of lead and other metals remained high in harbor sediments in New York and New Jersey. There appears therefore to be a "missing" or unidentified source of lead in the New York-New Jersey environment that is compensating for declines in traditional sources. Potential candidates include industrial and incinerator emissions to air, drinking water delivery systems and interior and exterior paints. Heavy metal fluxes have not been monitored directly and must therefore be estimated by indirect means. The goal of this project is to identify previously unrecognized urban sources of environmental lead using dated environmental samples. This strategy will enable us to deconvolve the major sources and pathways of lead to the urban environment over the past few decades, and will be guided by the following hypotheses: 1. Exterior lead paints in the New York City area contribute a significant portion of the "missing" lead source that has kept lead levels high in New York-New Jersey harbor sediments. 2. The transfer of gasoline lead from land to New York-New Jersey harbor sediments is slow (at least 10-15 years) process that has helped to maintain high lead concentrations in harbor sediments. 3. Most of the lead that is deposited in New York-New Jersey harbor sediments has passed through Water Pollution Control Plants. The samples to be utilized are: 1) airborne particulates from weekly air filters which have been collected and archived since 1966, 2) dated sediment cores from New York Harbor, bays and tributaries, 3) dated sediment cores for the New York city reservoir system, 4) soil cores from parks and areas near bridges, 5) water samples taken from throughout the water delivery system (reservoir to tap, and especially tap water in areas of the city where the New York city Department of Environmental Protection has identified problems for lead) and 6) sewage sludge from New York City Water Pollution Control Plants (WPCP). We will measure Pb and other metal concentrations (Cr, Cd, V, Cu, Zn, As, Ni, Mn, Sn, Hg, Sr, Ag, Fe, Al, Ti, Ba) as well as lead-isotopic fingerprints for the various sources of Pb to the NYC environment (pipes, solder, sewage outfall, combined sewer overflow, paints (including paints from bridges), vehicle exhausts, oil combustion, incinerators, and battery industries. Data obtained from this study will provide information on major current sources of lead exposure for urban populations. These data will be essential for development of rational strategies of exposure prevention.