URBAN HEAVY METAL EXPOSURE--ELEMENTAL AND ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF SAMPLES

在20世纪80年代的十年里，S尽管从 汽油和减少区域工业的铅排放， 港口沉积物中铅和其他金属的浓度仍然很高 在纽约和新泽西。因此，似乎有一个“失踪” 或纽约-新泽西环境中铅的来源不明 这是对传统来源下降的补偿。潜力 候选对象包括工业和焚化炉向空气、饮用水的排放 水输送系统以及室内和室外涂料。重金属 通量没有得到直接监测，因此必须估计。 通过间接的方式。 这个项目的目标是识别以前未被认识到的城市 使用测年的环境样品确定环境铅的来源。这 战略将使我们能够去卷积主要来源和途径 导致了过去几十年的城市环境，并将 以下列假设为指导：1.新时代的外墙含铅涂料 纽约市地区在“失踪”线索中占了很大一部分 使纽约-新泽西港的铅水平保持在较高水平的来源 沉积物。2.汽油铅从陆地转移至纽约--纽约 泽西港的沉积物是缓慢的(至少10-15年)过程， 有助于维持港口沉积物中的高铅浓度。3. 存放在纽约-新泽西港的大部分铅 沉积物已经通过了水污染控制工厂。 将使用的样本是：1)每周空气中的空气颗粒物 自1966年以来收集和存档的过滤器，2)日期 纽约港、海湾和支流的沉积物岩心，年代 纽约市水库系统的沉积物岩心，4)来自 公园和桥梁附近的地区，从整个公园和桥梁附近采集水样 供水系统(水库到自来水，特别是自来水 纽约市环保局所在的城市区域 保护发现了铅和6)城市污泥的问题 纽约市水污染控制工厂(WPCP)。我们将测量铅 和其他金属浓度(铬、镉、钒、铜、锌、砷、镍、锰、锡、汞、 锶、银、铁、铝、钛、钡)以及铅同位素指纹 纽约市环境中铅的各种来源(管道、焊料、污水 排污口、合流下水道溢流、油漆(包括桥梁油漆)、 汽车尾气、燃油燃烧、焚烧炉和电池行业。 从这项研究中获得的数据将提供关于主要洋流的信息 城市人口的铅暴露来源。这些数据将是 对于制定合理的暴露预防战略至关重要。

Throughout the decade of the 1980's, despite the elimination of lead from gasoline and reductions of lead emissions from regional industry, concentrations of lead and other metals remained high in harbor sediments in New York and New Jersey. There appears therefore to be a "missing" or unidentified source of lead in the New York-New Jersey environment that is compensating for declines in traditional sources. Potential candidates include industrial and incinerator emissions to air, drinking water delivery systems and interior and exterior paints. Heavy metal fluxes have not been monitored directly and must therefore be estimated by indirect means. The goal of this project is to identify previously unrecognized urban sources of environmental lead using dated environmental samples. This strategy will enable us to deconvolve the major sources and pathways of lead to the urban environment over the past few decades, and will be guided by the following hypotheses: 1. Exterior lead paints in the New York City area contribute a significant portion of the "missing" lead source that has kept lead levels high in New York-New Jersey harbor sediments. 2. The transfer of gasoline lead from land to New York-New Jersey harbor sediments is slow (at least 10-15 years) process that has helped to maintain high lead concentrations in harbor sediments. 3. Most of the lead that is deposited in New York-New Jersey harbor sediments has passed through Water Pollution Control Plants. The samples to be utilized are: 1) airborne particulates from weekly air filters which have been collected and archived since 1966, 2) dated sediment cores from New York Harbor, bays and tributaries, 3) dated sediment cores for the New York city reservoir system, 4) soil cores from parks and areas near bridges, 5) water samples taken from throughout the water delivery system (reservoir to tap, and especially tap water in areas of the city where the New York city Department of Environmental Protection has identified problems for lead) and 6) sewage sludge from New York City Water Pollution Control Plants (WPCP). We will measure Pb and other metal concentrations (Cr, Cd, V, Cu, Zn, As, Ni, Mn, Sn, Hg, Sr, Ag, Fe, Al, Ti, Ba) as well as lead-isotopic fingerprints for the various sources of Pb to the NYC environment (pipes, solder, sewage outfall, combined sewer overflow, paints (including paints from bridges), vehicle exhausts, oil combustion, incinerators, and battery industries. Data obtained from this study will provide information on major current sources of lead exposure for urban populations. These data will be essential for development of rational strategies of exposure prevention.