Microwave Spectroscopy and Imaging

微波光谱和成像

• 批准号: 6336449
• 负责人: PAUL M MEANEY
• 金额: $ 18.71万
• 依托单位: DARTMOUTH COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-08-01 至 2001-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6336449
• 关键词: bioimaging /biomedical imaging; biomedical equipment development; breast neoplasm /cancer diagnosis; breast neoplasms; clinical research; computer program /software; computer system hardware; diagnosis design /evaluation; digital imaging; electromagnetic radiation; female; human subject; human tissue; image enhancement; mammography; microwave spectrometry; neoplastic process; women's health

Tissue sample data suggests that malignant mammary tumors have electrical properties which mimic those typically found in high-water content tissues such as muscle whereas the surrounding normal breast is more representative of low-water content fatty tissues. Presumably, the increased blood volume associated with the neovascularization in the rapidly proliferating tumor periphery is partly responsible for the increased water content which establishes a significant contrast mechanism to which microwave illumination is particularly sensitive. It has also been hypothesized that the progressive replacement of fat lobules with fibroblastic proliferation and epithelial cells and the alterations that occur at transformed cell surfaces produce ultrastructural changes in neoplastic breast tissue which cause the observed difference in electrical properties. In fact, the normal and malignant human tissues of the same histological type, the largest difference in electrical properties. In fact, for normal and malignant human tissues of the same histological type, the largest difference in electrical properties has been observed in the mammary gland relative to colon, kidney, liver, lung and muscle. This data coupled with recent advances in model-based near-field imaging concepts provide a compelling rationale to pursue microwave imaging of breast tissue for diagnostic-advantage. Project III will extent previously developed near-field microwave imaging principles and concepts of high frequency (0.5-3 GHz) electromagnetic interrogation of breast tissue for the purpose of generating spatially-resolved electrical property distributions The increase in operating frequency range can readily occur because of the largely translucent nature of breast tissue to microwave illumination and the overall small physical dimensions of the imaging region of interest. However, changing the operating frequency range drives both hardware and software design considerations which are the focus of the developmental components of this project. The specific aims of Project III can be summarized as (1) to realize a prototype 32 channel high frequency (o.5-3GHz) data acquisition system for near-field microwave illumination, (2) to implement, in conjunction with the Computational Core, new model-based image reconstruction advances including multi-component objective function minimizations, adaptive dual meshing, antenna coupling models and multi-spectral reconstructions and explore imaging method extensions, in particular,, with regard to three-dimensional imaging, (3) to evaluate and optimize phantom imaging based on geometries relevant to clinical breast examination, (4) in conjunction with the Clinical Core, demonstrate the clinical feasibility of microwave breast imaging and initiate an evaluation of the efficacy of high frequency electromagnetic property imaging as a diagnostic tool in patients with normal and abnormal mammograms

组织样本数据表明，恶性乳腺肿瘤具有类似于通常在高含水量组织（如肌肉）中发现的电特性，而周围正常乳腺更具有低含水量脂肪组织的代表性。据推测，与快速增殖的肿瘤外周中的新血管形成相关的血容量增加部分地导致了水含量增加，这建立了微波照射特别敏感的显著对比机制。还假设成纤维细胞增殖和上皮细胞逐渐取代脂肪小叶以及转化细胞表面发生的改变在肿瘤性乳腺组织中产生超微结构变化，导致观察到的电特性差异。事实上，人体正常组织和恶性组织的组织学类型相同，电特性差异最大。事实上，对于相同组织学类型的正常和恶性人体组织，相对于结肠、肾、肝、肺和肌肉，在乳腺中观察到电特性的最大差异。这些数据加上基于模型的近场成像概念的最新进展，为追求乳腺组织的微波成像以获得诊断优势提供了令人信服的理由。项目三将扩展以前开发的近场微波成像原理和高频概念（0.5-3 GHz）电磁询问乳房组织，目的是在空间上产生-由于乳房组织对微波照射的大部分半透明性质以及成像区域的总体小的物理尺寸，感兴趣然而，改变工作频率范围驱动硬件和软件设计考虑，这是本项目的开发组件的重点。项目III的具体目标可以概括为：（1）实现32通道高频样机（0.5 -3GHz）数据采集系统，用于近场微波照明，（2）结合计算核心，实现新的基于模型的图像重建进展，包括多分量目标函数最小化，自适应双重网格，天线耦合模型和多光谱重建，并探索成像方法的扩展，特别是关于三维成像，（3）基于与临床乳腺检查相关的几何形状评估和优化体模成像，（4）结合临床核心，证明微波乳腺成像的临床可行性，并开始评估高频电磁特性成像作为乳腺X线正常和异常患者诊断工具的有效性