SO:UK - A major UK contribution to the Simons Observatory

SO:UK - 英国对西蒙斯天文台的重大贡献

• 批准号: ST/W002914/1
• 负责人: Michael Brown
• 金额: $ 263.51万
• 依托单位: University of Manchester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FW002914%2F1
• 关键词: SO; UK; major; contribution; Simons

During the last three decades, measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) have been the driving force in establishing the standard cosmological model. UK scientists have played a pivotal role, particularly in recent times with major roles in ESA's Planck mission. These advances have been hugely important but the CMB's greatest contributions to fundamental physics could well be yet to come. The primary science goals of future CMB experiments include (i) the search for curl or ``B-mode" fluctuations on large angular scales in the CMB polarisation field, a tell-tale signature of primordial gravitational waves from inflation, (ii) to search for new light relic particles beyond the Standard Model through their imprint on the CMB fluctuations on small angular scales, (iii) to use measurements of the gravitational lensing and Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effects in the CMB to constrain the sum of the neutrino masses and (iv) to help understand the observed accelerated expansion of the Universe using the low-redshift probes of CMB lensing and SZ measurements. The high sensitivity and high angular resolution of future experiments will also facilitate a wide range of additional frontier science ranging from studies of the reionisation era to searching for additional solar system objects. Simons Observatory (SO) is a US-led international project to construct a group of CMB telescopes in the Atacama Desert in northern Chile. It has been designed to address these new science challenges, and is due to begin operations in 2023. Here we propose a major UK contribution, composed of three main components. Firstly, we will establish a UK-based data centre, which will play a lead role in delivering the primary data products from all of the SO telescopes. Secondly, we will pursue a program of algorithm development work, forming a major contribution to the SO data pipeline software infrastructure. The third strand of our programme is the provision of a single ultra-high-frequency (UHF) optics tube for the SO Large Aperture Telescope.Delivering the data centre, and the algorithms and processing functions needed for the data pipeline, will address a critical need within the SO project and will position SO:UK scientists optimally for taking lead roles in the subsequent headline science exploitation of the SO data. The UK-based data centre will also help facilitate joint analyses (by the wider UK cosmology and astrophysics community) of the SO data in combination with data from other flagship UK astronomy projects, including the Euclid satellite, the Vera Rubin Observatory and the Square Kilometre Array. The SO:UK instrument includes the development and demonstration of key technologies including Kinetic Inductance Detectors (KIDs) and meta-material (MM) quasi-optical components. Demonstrating the compelling advantages of these UK-driven technologies as part of the leading CMB experiment of the 2020s will be a powerful argument for their adoption in future CMB projects (including the ground-based CMB-S4 experiment and a possible future ESA-led satellite mission) as well as in future projects in other high-profile areas of extra-Galactic astronomy and cosmology.

在过去的三十年里，宇宙微波背景辐射（CMB）的测量一直是建立标准宇宙学模型的驱动力。英国科学家发挥了关键作用，特别是最近在欧空局的普朗克使命中发挥了重要作用。这些进展非常重要，但CMB对基础物理学的最大贡献可能还没有到来。未来CMB实验的主要科学目标包括：（一）在CMB偏振场中寻找大角度尺度上的卷曲或“B模式”波动，这是暴胀产生的原始引力波的一个特征，（二）通过在小角度尺度上的CMB波动上留下印记，寻找标准模型之外的新的轻遗迹粒子，（iii）使用宇宙微波背景中的引力透镜和Sunyaev-Zel'dovich（SZ）效应的测量来约束中微子质量的总和;（iv）使用宇宙微波背景的低红移探测器来帮助理解观察到的宇宙加速膨胀。透镜和SZ测量。未来实验的高灵敏度和高角分辨率也将促进广泛的额外前沿科学，从再电离时代的研究到寻找更多的太阳系天体。西蒙斯天文台（SO）是一个由美国领导的国际项目，在智利北方的阿塔卡马沙漠建造一组CMB望远镜。它旨在应对这些新的科学挑战，并将于2023年开始运行。在这里，我们提出了一个主要的英国贡献，由三个主要组成部分。首先，我们将建立一个位于英国的数据中心，该中心将在提供所有SO望远镜的主要数据产品方面发挥主导作用。其次，我们将继续进行算法开发工作，为SO数据管道软件基础设施做出重大贡献。我们计划的第三部分是为SO大孔径望远镜提供一个超高频（UHF）光学管。提供数据中心以及数据管道所需的算法和处理功能，将满足SO项目的关键需求，并将使SO：英国科学家在SO数据的后续头条科学开发中发挥最佳作用。位于英国的数据中心还将有助于促进对SO数据的联合分析（由更广泛的英国宇宙学和天体物理学界），并结合其他英国旗舰天文学项目的数据，包括欧几里得卫星，Vera Rubriin天文台和平方公里阵列。SO：UK仪器包括关键技术的开发和演示，包括动态电感探测器（KID）和超材料（MM）准光学组件。作为21世纪20年代领先的CMB实验的一部分，展示这些英国驱动的技术的引人注目的优势将是未来CMB项目（包括地面CMB-S4实验和未来可能的欧空局领导的卫星使命）以及未来银河系外天文学和宇宙学其他备受瞩目的项目中采用这些技术的有力论据。

项目成果

Galactic Foreground Constraints on Primordial B-mode Detection for Ground-based Experiments

地基实验原始 B 模式探测的银河系前景约束

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac3092
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Hervías-Caimapo, Carlos;Bonaldi, Anna;Brown, Michael L.;Huffenberger, Kevin M.
• 通讯作者: Huffenberger, Kevin M.

Fast map-based simulations of systematics in CMB surveys including effects of the scanning strategy

CMB 调查中基于地图的系统学快速模拟，包括扫描策略的影响

• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stac561
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: McCallum N

The Simons Observatory: pipeline comparison and validation for large-scale B-modes

西蒙斯天文台：大规模 B 模式的管道比较和验证

• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2302.04276
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: arXiv e-prints
• 作者: Wolz K.

CMB Polarisation Signal Demodulation with a Rotating Half-Wave Plate

使用旋转半波片解调 CMB 偏振信号

• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2307.01860
• 发表时间: 2023
• 作者: Rashid M