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IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN PROTECTED CROPPING BY EXPLOITING PLANT RESPONSES TO SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION

通过利用植物对太阳紫外线辐射的反应来提高保护性耕作的能源效率

基本信息

批准号：
1653788
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
Lancaster University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2015 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1653788
关键词：
IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROTECTED CROPPING

项目摘要

Horticulture, the production of fresh fruit, vegetables, salads etc, is often overlooked in discussions of food security yet is vital to avoid hidden hunger due to shortage of micro-nutrients. Delivering a year-round supply of fresh produce for N Europe involves local crops produced in heated glasshouses, or crops imported from the Mediterranean basin and beyond. In either case, energy is a major commercial constraint (costs and C footprint) and any technology that reduces energy use is immediately attractive, commercially and environmentally. This project addresses this energy challenge in protected cropping by delivering fundamental insights into a newly recognized crop response to the ultraviolet (UV) radiation in sunlight.Previous research at Lancaster contributed to the development of new UV-transparent (UV-T) crop-covers used in protected crops. Growers using UV-T cladding report that crops mature earlier than under conventional cladding, and they attribute this to the crop being warmer under UV-T covers. We have tested this and shown for the first time that additional UV exposure within a physiologically relevant range results in small but significant increases (0.5-1.7C) in leaf temperature. This is caused by UV decreasing stomatal conductance and transpirational cooling, thereby warming the leaves. This CASE studentship will investigate this effect of UV on crop temperature in a range of commercial protected crops, both fruit crops (e.g. strawberry, tomato, pepper, cucumber) and leafy crops (e.g. basil, coriander, lettuce, rocket). The student will go on to investigate in selected crops whether UV during the day also affects crop temperature at night, and whether effects are confined to leaves, or also occur in other tissues.Arid's commercial assessment is that objective scientific evidence that UV-T covers leads to increased crop temperature would be highly attractive to growers, especially for early and late crops in the Mediterranean rim. The new understanding obtained through the project will also inform the design of new energy saving claddings. In the longer term, this understanding may also allow improved energy use in crops lit by LEDs.The project will start at Lancaster (Years 1 & 2) studying temperature and physiological responses in a range of crops (as above). During Years 3 or 4 the student will spend at least six months placement at Arid's base in Antalya, Turkey. We believe an international dimension is essential for understanding the complexities of modern commercial protected crop management. Also, the impact from this project will most likely be applied most quickly in the environments like Turkey, where any temperature benefit would be a major commercial advantage for UK-manufactured UV-transparent plastics.This collaboration between Arid Agritec and LEC provides an immediate opportunity to field test academic findings at commercial field sites. The collaboration also provide the student with a unique opportunity to undertaken research across the range of scales (laboratory, glasshouse, field) and different research environments, and with an obvious, immediate route to exploitation.The student will have contact with a range of agri-business professionals, including growers, technicians, consultants and supply chain personnel. Such interactions will ensure the student understands the needs of the industry, and provide training in business strategy. That understanding will be underpinned at Lancaster by formal skills training consistent with the Researcher Development Statement developed by Vitae. The student will also benefit from a supervisory team (Prof Nigel Paul and Dr Ian Dodd at Lancaster, Dr Jason Moore at Arid) with a total of 60 years research experience in plant science across the academic-commercial spectrum. These are important contexts for the development of the student's wider skills base as well as for the successful commercialization of their research.

园艺，即新鲜水果、蔬菜、沙拉等的生产，在讨论粮食安全时往往被忽视，但对于避免因缺乏微量营养素而隐藏的饥饿至关重要。为北欧提供全年新鲜农产品供应涉及在加热温室中生产的当地作物，或从地中海盆地和其他地区进口的作物。在任何一种情况下，能源都是一个主要的商业制约因素(成本和碳排放量)，任何减少能源使用的技术在商业和环境方面都立即具有吸引力。该项目通过提供对新发现的作物对阳光中紫外线(UV)辐射的反应的基本见解，解决了受保护作物中的这一能源挑战。兰开斯特先前的研究有助于开发用于受保护作物的新的UV透明(UV-T)作物覆盖物。使用UV-T覆盖的种植者报告说，作物比传统覆盖下成熟得更早，他们将这归因于UV-T覆盖下作物更温暖。我们已经测试了这一点，并首次表明，在生理相关范围内的额外紫外线照射会导致叶温小幅但显著增加(0.5-1.7摄氏度)。这是由于紫外线降低了气孔导度和蒸腾冷却，从而使叶片变暖。这一案例学生将在一系列商业保护作物中调查紫外线对作物温度的影响，包括水果作物(如草莓、番茄、辣椒、黄瓜)和叶作物(如罗勒、香菜、生菜、火箭)。这名学生将继续在选定的作物中调查白天的紫外线是否也会影响夜间的作物温度，以及影响是否仅限于树叶，或者也发生在其他组织中。ARID的商业评估是，客观的科学证据表明，UV-T覆盖会导致作物温度上升，这对种植者非常有吸引力，特别是对地中海沿岸的早熟作物和晚熟作物。通过该项目获得的新认识也将为新型节能覆层的设计提供参考。从长远来看，这一理解还可能改善LED照明作物的能源利用。该项目将在兰开斯特(1-2年级)开始研究一系列作物的温度和生理反应(如上)。在第三年或第四年，学生将在土耳其安塔利亚的艾瑞德基地至少呆上六个月的时间。我们认为，国际层面对于理解现代商业受保护作物管理的复杂性至关重要。此外，该项目的影响很可能最快地应用于土耳其这样的环境中，在那里，任何温度优势都将是英国制造的紫外线透明塑料的主要商业优势。阿里德农业科技公司和LEC之间的合作提供了在商业现场测试学术成果的直接机会。合作还为学生提供了一个独特的机会，从事各种规模(实验室、温室、田间)和不同研究环境的研究，并提供了一条显而易见的、直接的开发途径。学生将接触到一系列农业企业专业人士，包括种植者、技术人员、顾问和供应链人员。这样的互动将确保学生了解行业需求，并提供商业战略培训。这一理解将在兰开斯特通过与Vitae制定的研究人员发展声明相一致的正式技能培训来巩固。这名学生还将受益于一个监督团队(兰开斯特的奈杰尔·保罗教授和伊恩·多德博士，干旱地区的杰森·摩尔博士)，他们在学术和商业领域总共拥有60年的植物科学研究经验。这些都是发展学生更广泛的技能基础以及成功地将他们的研究商业化的重要背景。